in
English Translation
Fortress
Press
2001
Editorial
Board
of
the
International Q
Project
Stanley D.
Anderson
Robert A. Derrenbacker, Jr.
Christoph
Heil
Thomas
Hieke
Paul
Hoffmann
Steven R.
Johnson
John S.
Kloppenborg
Milton C.
Moreland
James M. Robinson
The Sayings Gospel Q is an
archaic collection of sayings ascribed to Jesus, even older than the Gospels in
the New Testament. In fact, it is the oldest Gospel of Christianity. Yet it is
not in the New Testament itself. Rather, it was known to, and used by, the
Evangelists of the Gospels of Matthew and Luke, and then lost from sight. After
all, Q is the Gospel of Jewish Christianity, which continued in Galilee to
proclaim Jesus’ sayings, but the New Testament is the book preserving the
ancient sources of Gentile Christianity, the oldest being the letters of Paul,
for whom Jesus’ cross and resurrection, not his sayings, were central to the
Christian message.
This is clearest in the case
of Matthew. For this Gospel is oriented in Matt 3-11 primarily to vindicating
the Jesus of Q, but then in Matt 12-28 simply copies out Mark, the Gentile
Gospel. For the Q movement, limited to a mission to Jews, gradually died out,
and its Sayings Gospel survived only as incorporated into the Gospel culminating
in the Great Commission to evangelize of Gentiles.
During the second century,
when the canonizing process was taking place, scribes did not make new copies of
Q, since the canonizing process involved choosing what should and what
should not be used in the church
service. Hence they preferred to make copies of the Gospels of Matthew and Luke,
where the sayings of Jesus from Q were rephrased to avoid misunderstandings, and
to fit their own situations and their understanding of what Jesus had really
meant.
This validated the Narrative
Gospels Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John, but not Sayings Gospels such as the
Gospel of Thomas and Q. Indeed the Apostles’ Creed, which had been formulated in
Rome during the second century as a baptismal confession, bypassed completely
the sayings of Jesus, and hence provided no basis for canonizing Sayings
Gospels, such as Q and the Gospel of Thomas.
The Sayings Gospel Q contains
some of the most memorable of Jesus’ sayings. It is thanks to Q 11:2b-4 that we
know the Lord’s Prayer. Q presents it in a more original form than what we use
in our liturgy today. (We use Matthew’s revision of the Q Prayer: Matt 6:9-13).
Q also preserves for us the certainty of the answer to prayer (ask, search,
knock, for a caring Father does provide, Q 11:9-13), the beatitudes (Q 6:20-23),
the love of enemies (Q 6:27-28, 35c-d), turning the other cheek, giving the
shirt off one’s back, going the second mile, giving, expecting nothing in return
(Q 6:29-30), the golden rule (Q 6:31), the tree known by its fruit (Q 6:43-45),
indeed most of what we think of as the Sermon on the Mount—and more: storing up
treasures in heaven (Q 12:33-34), free from anxiety like ravens and lilies (Q
12:22b-31), taking one’s cross (Q 114:27), losing one’s life to save it (Q
17:33), parables of the mustard seed Q 13:18-19), the yeast (Q 13:20), the
invited dinner guests (Q 14:16-23), the lost sheep (Q 15:4-7), the lost coin (Q
15:8-10), the entrusted money (Q 19:12-26).
Particularly the first part
of Q (Q 3-7) seems carefully structured, to prove the case that Jesus is the
“one to come” prophecied by John (Q 3:16b-17). For in Q 7:18-23 John sends a
delegation to ask if Jesus is indeed that “One to Come,” which Jesus promptly
answers in the affirmative (Q 7:22), by listing his healings (for which reason
the healing of the Centurion’s Boy immediately precedes in Q 7:1-10), climaxing
in his giving good news to the poor (referring back to Q’s early draft of the
Sermon on the Mount in Q 6:20-49).
Although Jesus’ mother tongue
would seem to have been Aramaic, his sayings were very early on translated into
Greek and collected into small clusters, which were brought together into the
Sayings Gospel Q. For the high degree of verbal identity in the Q sayings of
Matthew and Luke make it apparent they were working from a shared Greek text.
Each could not have translated from Aramaic to Greek, independently of the
other, into such highly similar, often identical, Greek language. This Greek
text of Q, as shared by Matthew and Luke, dates from around the time of the war
with Rome (since Q 13:34-35 seems to envisage the destruction of Jerusalem in 70
C.E.).
At one place (Q 12:27) the
fact of a written Greek text of Q is strikingly attested by the presence of a
Greek scribal error: Whereas both Matthew and Luke (Matt 6:28b par. Luke 12:27),
and hence Q, list as the three tasks that ravens and lilies do not perform, as
rôle models for humans free of anxiety. But in the case of the lilies, “how they
grow: They do not work nor do they spin,” the first is neither a negative
statement, nor a verb naming a task in the process of making clothing. But a
very slight change in the Greek lettering produces the meaning: They do not
card, nor do they work, nor do they spin,” with the formulation “not card”
faintly attested in an ancient manuscript of Matt 6:28b preserved at Mt. Sinai,
and in the Gospel of Thomas, Saying 36.
The Sayings Gospel Q, though
on the surface only reporting about Jesus, also reveals almost all we know about
the Jewish Christianity of the first generation. For the New Testament, as we
have it, is a collection of primary texts from Gentile Christianity, in which
there are occasional passing references to Jewish Christianity. Paul gained
acceptance for his non-Jewish mission from the “pillars” of the Jewish Christian
church in Jerusalem (James, Cephas/Peter and John, Gal 2:1-10), though this
amicable division of labor soon broke down (Gal 2:11-21), when the Jewish
Christians sought to “judaize” Gentile Christians (Gal 2:14) . Paul withstood
the claims of any other “Gospel” than his own (Gal 1:6-12), meaning no doubt the
Jewish Christian preference for proclaiming sayings of
Jesus.
Actually, the Jewish
Christians of the Q movement do not seem to have been these Jewish Christian
leaders stationed in Jerusalem, since they are not mentioned in Q, nor does Q
make any reference to the problem of circumcision, which was the touchstone of
that debate with Paul. The followers of Jesus who transmitted his sayings that
were brought together into the Sayings Gospel Q would seem to be composed of
those left behind in Galilee. They were largely overlooked in the Acts of the
Apostles. For the description of the mission “from Jerusalem and in all Judea
and Samaria and to the end of the earth” (Acts 1:8), simply bypasses Galilee,
with only one passing reference later in Acts (9:31) to a church in Galilee
being built up. Nor can one find in Acts any attestation for a variety of
religious experience consisting primarily of re-proclaiming Jesus’ sayings. The
Sayings Gospel Q thus supplements in a very important way what we know of the
first generation of Christianity from the book of
Acts.
When there is considerable
uncertainty as to whether a given word was in Q, it is put in double square
brackets [[ ]]. If there is a still
higher degree of uncertainty, the space is left blank, with three dots (…)
indicating that there was some text here, but not of adequate certainty to
include. Two dots (...) indicate that it is even uncertain whether anything at
all was here, in which case the reference is enclosed in question
marks.
Aland, K. 1985. Synopsis
of the Four Gospels. The English portion of the Greek-English Edition of the
Synopsis Quattuor Evangeliorum. United Bible Societies: New
York.
Allison, Dale C. 1997.
The Jesus Tradition in Q. Valley Forge, Pa.: Trinity Press
International.
Asgeirsson, Jon, Kristin de
Troyer, and Marvin W. Meyer, eds. 1999. From Quest to Quelle: Festschrift
James M. Robinson. BETL 146. Leuven: Peeeters.
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The Quest for Q. Edinburgh. T. & T.
Clark.
Fleddermann, Harry T. 1995.
Mark and Q: A Study of the Overlap Texts. BETL 122. Leuven: Leuven
University Press; Peeters.
Harnack, Adolf. 1908. The
Sayings of Jesus: The Second Source of St. Matthew and St. Luke. Trans.
John Richard Wilkinson. New Testament Studies 2. London: Williams & Norgate;
New York: G. P. Putnam’s Sons.
Havener, Ivan. 1987. Q:
The Sayings of Jesus. Good News Studies 19. Wilmington, Del.: Michael
Glazier.
Jacobson, Arland D. 1992.
The First Gospel: An Introduction to Q. Sonoma, Calif.:
Polebridge.
Kirk, Alan. 1998. The
Composition of the Sayings Source: Genre, Synchrony, and Wisdom Redaction in
Q. Supplements to Novum Testamentum 91. Leiden: E. J.
Brill.
Kloppenborg, John S. 1987.
The Formation of Q: Trajectories in Ancient Wisdom Collections. Studies
in Antiquity and Christianity. Philadelphia:
Fortress.
—. 1988. Q Parallels:
Synopsis, Critical Notes, and Concordance. Foundations and Facets: New
Testament. Sonoma, Calif.: Polebridge.
—, ed. 1994. The Shape of
Q: Signal Essays on the Sayings Gospel. Minneapolis:
Fortress.
—, Marvin W. Meyer, Stephen
J. Patterson, Michael G. Steinhauser, eds. 1990. Q Thomas Reader.
Sonoma, Ca.: Polebridge Press.
—, ed. 1995. Conflict and
Invention: Literary, Rhetorical, and Social Studies on the Sayings Gospel
Q. Valley Forge, Penn.: Trinity Press
International.
— and Leif E. Vaage, eds.
1991. Early Christianity, Q and Jesus. Semeia 55. Atlanta: Scholars
Press.
— 2000.
Excavating Q: The History and Setting of the Sayings Gospel. Edinburgh:
T. & T. Clark; Minneapolis: Fortress.
Mack, Burton L. 1993. The
Lost Gospel: The Book of Q and Christian Origins. San Francisco:
HarperSanFrancisco.
Neirynck, Frans, J.
Verheyden, and R. Corstjens. 1998. The Gospel of Matthew and the Gospel
Source Q: A Cumulative Bibliography 1950-1995. 2 vol.s BETL 140. Leuven:
Leuven University Press and Uitgeverij Peeters.
Piper, Ronald A. 1989.
Wisdom in the Q-tradition: The Aphoristic Teaching of Jesus. SNTSMS 1.
Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press.
—,. ed. 1995. The Gospel
behind the Gospels: Current Studies on Q. Supplements to Novum
Testamentum 75. Leiden: E. J.
Brill.
Robinson, James M. and Helmut
Koester. 1971. Trajectories through Early Christianity. Philadelphia:
Fortress Press.
Robinson, James M., John S.
Kloppenborg, and Paul Hoffmann, gen. eds. 1996-. Documenta Q:
Reconstructions of Q through Two Centuries of Gospel Research. Ed. Stanley
D. Anderson, Sterling G. Borndahl, Shawn Carruth, Robert Derrenbacker, Christoph
Heil, Thomas Hieke, and Steven R. Johnson. Leuven:
Peeters.
Robinson, James M., Paul
Hoffmann, and John S. Kloppenborg, eds. 2000. The Critical Edition of Q:
Synopsis, including the Gospels of Matthew and Luke, Mark and Thomas, with
English, German, and French Translations of Q and Thomas. Managing editor,
Milton C. Moreland. Leuven: Peeters; Minneapolis: Fortress
Press.
Scholer, David M. 2001. Q
Bibliography. Leuven: Peeters.
Theissen, Gerd. 1992.
Social Reality and the Early Christians: Theology, Ethics, and the World of
the New Testament. Trans. Margaret Kohl. Minneapolis: Fortress
Press.
Tuckett, Christopher M. 1983.
The Revival of the Griesbach Hypothesis: An Analysis and Appraisal.
SNTSMS 44. Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University
Press.
—. 1996. Q and the
History of Early Christianity: Studies on Q. Edinburgh: T. & T. Clark;
Peabody, Mass.: Hendrichson.
Uro, Risto. 1987. Sheep
among the Wolves: A Study on the Mission Instructions of Q. Annales
Academiae Scientiarum Fennicae. Dissertationes humanarum litterarum 47.
Helsinki: Suomalainen Tiedeakatemia.
Uro, Risto, ed. 1996. Symbols and Strata: Essays on the Sayings Gospel Q. Suomen Eksegeettisen Seuran Julkaisuja. Publications of the Finnish Exegetical Society of Helsinki: Finnish Exegetical Society; Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht.
Q 3:·0‚ ·Incipit‚
·0‚ ·<… Jesus
...>‚
Q 3:2b, 3 The Introduction of
John
2b <…> John in the wilderness .. 3 <…> all the region of the
Jordan <…>.
Q 3:7-9 John's Announcement of
Judgment
7 He said to the ·crowds coming to be‚
bapti·zed‚: Snakes’ litter! Who
warned you to run from the impending rage? 8 So bear fruit worthy of repentance,
and do not presume to tell yourselves: We have as «fore»father Abraham! For I
tell you: God can produce children for Abraham right out of these rocks! 9 And the ax already lies at the root
of the trees. So every tree not bearing healthy fruit is to be chopped down and
thrown on the fire.
Q 3:16b-17 John and the One to
Come
16b I baptize you ·in‚ water, but the one to
come after me is more powerful than I, whose sandals I am not fit to ·take
off‚. He will baptize you in ·holy‚
Spirit and fire. 17 His pitchfork
«is» in his hand, and he will clear his threshing floor and gather the wheat
into his granary, but the chaff he will burn on a fire that can never be put
out.
Q 3:·21-22‚ ·The Baptism of
Jesus‚
·21‚ ·... Jesus ... baptized, heaven
opened ..,‚ ·22‚ ·and .. the Spirit ... upon him ... Son ...
.‚
Q 4:1-4, 9-12, 5-8, 13 The Temptations of
Jesus
1 And Jesus was led ·into‚ the wilderness
by the Spirit 2 ·to be‚ tempted by
the devil. And «he ate nothing» for forty days, .. he became hungry. 3 And the devil told him: If you are
God's Son, order that these stones become loaves. 4 And Jesus answered ·him‚: It is
written: A person is not to live only from bread.
9 ·The devil‚ took him along to Jerusalem
and put him on the tip of the temple and told him: If you are God's Son, throw
yourself down. 10 For it is written:
He will command his angels about you, 11 and on their hands they will bear
you, so that you do not strike your foot against a stone. 12 And Jesus ·in reply‚ told him: It is
written: Do not put to the test the Lord your God.
5 And the devil took him along to a ·very
high‚ mountain and showed him all the kingdoms of the world and their splendor,
6 and told him: All these I will
give you, 7 if you bow down before
me. 8 And ·in reply‚ Jesus told him:
It is written: Bow down to the Lord your God, and serve only
him.
13 And the devil left him.
Q 4:16 Nazara
16 <…> Nazara <…>.
Q 6:20-21 The Beatitudes for the Poor,
Hungry, and Mourning
20 <…> And ·rais‚ing his ·eyes to‚ his
disciples he said: Blessed are ·«you»‚ poor, for God's reign is for ·you‚. 21 Blessed are ·«you»‚ who hunger, for
·you‚ will eat ·your‚ fill. Blessed are ·«you»‚ who ·mourn‚, for ·<you>
will be consoled‚.
Q 6:22-23 The Beatitude for the
Persecuted
22 Blessed are you when they insult and
·persecute‚ you, and ·say every kind of‚ evil ·against‚ you because of the son
of humanity. 23 Be glad and ·exult‚,
for vast is your reward in heaven. For this is how they ·persecuted‚ the
prophets who «were» before you.
Q 6: 27-28, 35c-d Love Your
Enemies
27 Love your enemies 28 ·and‚ pray for those ·persecuting‚
you, 35c-d so that you may become
sons of your Father, for he raises his sun on bad and ·good and rains on the
just and unjust‚.
Q 6:29-30 Renouncing One's Own
Rights
29 ·The one who slaps‚ you on the cheek,
offer ·him‚ the other as well; and ·to the person wanting to take you to court
and get‚ your shirt, ·turn over to him‚ the coat as well. ·29?30/Matt 5:41‚ ·«And the one who
conscripts you for one mile, go with him a second.»‚ 30 To the one who asks of you, give;
and ·from the one who borrows, do not ·ask‚ back ·«what is»‚
yours.
Q 6:31 The Golden
Rule
31 And the way you want people to treat you,
that is how you treat them.
Q 6:32, 34 Impartial
Love
32 ..
If you love those loving you, what reward do you have? Do not even tax
collectors do the same? 34 And if
you ·lend «to those» from whom you hope to receive, what <reward do> you
< have>?‚??? Do not even ·the
Gentiles‚ do the same?
Q 6:36 Being Full of Pity like Your
Father
36 Be full of pity, just as your Father ..
is full of pity.
Q 6:37-38 Not
Judging
37 .. Do not pass judgment, «so» you are not
judged. ·For with what judgment you pass judgment, you will be judged.‚ 38 ·And‚ with the measurement you use
to measure out, it will be measured out to you.
Q 6:39 The Blind Leading the
Blind
39 Can a blind person show the way to a blind
person? Will not both fall into a pit?
Q 6:40 The Disciple and the
Teacher
40 A disciple is not superior to «one's»
teacher. ·It is enough for the disciple that he become‚ like his
teacher.
Q 6:41-42 The Speck and the
Beam
41 And why do you see the speck in your
brother’s eye, but the beam in your own eye you overlook? 42 How «can you say» to your brother:
Let me throw out the speck ·from‚ your eye, and just look at the beam in your
own eye? Hypocrite, first throw out from your own eye the beam, and then you
will see clearly to throw out the speck «in» your brother’s
eye.
Q 6:43-45 The Tree Is Known by its Fruit
43 .. No healthy tree bears rotten fruit,
nor ·on the other hand‚ does a decayed tree bear healthy fruit. 44 For from the fruit the tree is
known. Are figs picked from thorns, or grape·s‚ from thistles? 45 The good person from «one's» good
treasure casts up good things, and the evil ·person‚ from the evil ·treasure‚
casts up evil things. For from exuberance of heart ·one's‚ mouth speaks.
Q 6:46 Not Just Saying Master,
Master
46 .. Why do you call me: Master, Master,
and do not do what I say?
Q 6:47-49 Houses Built on Rock or
Sand
47 Everyone hearing my words and acting on
them .. 48 is like a person who
built ·one’s‚ house on bedrock; and the rain poured down and the flash-floods
came, ·and the winds blew‚ and pounded that house, and it did not collapse, for
it was founded on bedrock. 49 And
·everyone‚ who hears ·my words‚ and does not act on ·them‚ is like a person who
built ·one’s‚ house on the sand; and the rain poured down and the flash-floods
came, ·and the winds blew‚ and
battered that house, and promptly it collapsed, and its ·fall‚ was
devastating.
Q 7:1, 3, 6b-9, ?10? The Centurion's Faith
in Jesus' Word
1 ·And it came to pass when‚ he .. ended
these sayings, he entered Capernaum. 3 There came to him a centurion
exhorting him ·and saying: My‚ boy ·<is> doing badly. And he said to him:
Am I‚, by coming, to heal him? 6b-c
And in reply the centurion said: Master, I am not worthy for you to come under
my roof; 7 but say a word, and ·let‚
my boy ·be‚ healed. 8 For I too am a
person under authority, with soldiers under me, and I say to one: Go, and he
goes, and to another: Come, and he comes, and to my slave: Do this, and he does
«it» . 9 But Jesus, on hearing, was
amazed, and said to those who followed: I tell you, not even in Israel have I
found such faith. ?10? <..>
Q 7:18-23 John's Inquiry about the One to
Come
18 And John, on hearing .. ·about all these things‚, 19 sending through his disciples,
·said‚ to him: Are you the one to come, or are we to expect someone else? 22 And in reply he said to them: Go
report to John what you hear and see: The blind regain their sight and the lame
walk around, the skin-diseased are cleansed and the deaf hear, and the dead are
raised, and the poor are given good news. 23 And blessed is whoever is not
offended by me.
Q 7:24-28 John — More than a
Prophet
24 And when they had left, he began to talk
to the crowds about John: What did you go out into the wilderness to look at? A
reed shaken by the wind? 25 If not,
what did you go out to see? A person
arrayed in finery? Look, those wearing finery are in kings' houses. 26 But «then» what did you go out to
see? A prophet? Yes, I tell you, even more than a prophet! 27 This is the one about whom it has
been written: Look, I am sending my messenger ahead of you, who will prepare
your path in front of you. 28 I tell
you: There has not arisen among women's offspring «anyone» who surpasses John.
Yet the least significant in God's kingdom is more than he.
Q 7:·29-30‚ ·For and Against John‚
·29‚ ·«For John came to you» .., ... the
tax collectors and ... «responded positively»,‚ ·30‚ ·but «the religious authorities
rejected» him.‚
Q 7:31-35 This Generation and the Children
of Wisdom
31 .. To what am I to compare this
generation and what <is it> like? 32 It is like children seated in ·the‚
market-place·s‚, who, addressing ·the others‚, say: We fluted for you, but you
would not dance; we wailed, but you would not cry. 33 For John came, neither eating nor
drinking, and you say: He has a demon! 34 The son of humanity came, eating and
drinking, and you say: Look! A person «who is» a glutton and drunkard, a chum of
tax collectors and sinners! 35 But
Wisdom was vindicated by her children.
Q 9:57-60 Confronting Potential Followers
57 And someone said to him: I will follow you
wherever you go. 58 And Jesus said
to him: Foxes have holes, and birds of the sky have nests; but the son of
humanity does not have anywhere he can lay his head. 59 But another said to him: Master,
permit me first to go and bury my father. 60 But he said to him: Follow me, and
leave the dead to bury their own dead.
Q 10:2 Workers for the
Harvest
2 He said to his disciples: The harvest is
plentiful, but the workers are few. So ask the Lord of the harvest to dispatch
workers into his harvest.
Q 10:3 Sheep among Wolves
3 Be on your way! Look, I send you like
sheep in the midst of wolves.
Q 10:4 No
Provisions
4 Carry no ·purse‚, not knapsack, nor
sandals, nor stick, and greet no one on the road.
Q 10:5-9 What to Do in Houses and
Towns
5
Into whatever house you enter, ·first‚ say: Peace ·to this house‚! 6 And if a son of peace be there, let
your peace come upon him; but if not, ·let‚ your peace ·return upon‚ you. 7 ·And at that house‚ remain, «eating
and drinking whatever they provide», for the worker is worthy of one’s reward.
·Do not move around from house to house.‚ 8 And whatever town you enter and they
take you in, ·«eat what is set before you»‚. 9 And cure the sick there, and say ·to
them‚: The kingdom of God has reached unto you.
Q 10:10-12 Response to a Town's Rejection
10 But into whatever town you enter and they
do not take you in, on going out ·from that town‚, 11 shake off the dust from your feet.
12 I tell you: For Sodom it shall be
more bearable on that day than for that town.
Q 10:13-15 Woes against Galilean
Towns
13 Woe to you, Chorazin! Woe to you,
Bethsaida! For if the wonders performed in you had taken place in Tyre and
Sidon, they would have repented long ago, in sackcloth and ashes. 14 Yet for Tyre and Sidon it shall be
more bearable at the judgment than for you. 15 And you, Capernaum, up to heaven
will you be exalted? Into Hades shall you come down!
Q 10:16 Whoever Takes You in Takes Me
in
16 Whoever takes you in takes me in, ·and‚
whoever takes me in takes in the one who sent me.
Q 10:21 Thanksgiving that God Reveals Only
to Children
21 At «that time» he said: I thank you,
Father, Lord of heaven and earth, for you hid these things from sages and the
learned, and disclosed them to children. Yes, Father, for that is what it has
pleased you to do.
Q 10:22 Knowing the Father through the
Son
22 Everything has been entrusted to me by my
Father, and no one knows the Son except the Father, nor ·does anyone know‚ the
Father except the Son, and to whomever the Son chooses to reveal him.
Q 10:23-24 The Beatitude for the Eyes that
See
23 Blessed are the eyes that see what you see
.. . 24 For I tell you: Many
prophets and kings wanted to see what you see, but never saw it, and to hear
what you hear, but never heard it.
Q 11:2b-4 The Lord’s
Prayer
2b ·When‚ you pray, ·say‚: Father — may your
name be kept holy! — let your reign come: 3 Our day’s bread give us today; 4 and cancel our debts for us, as we
too have cancelled for those in debt to us; and do not put us to the test!
Q 11:9-13 The Certainty of the Answer to
Prayer
9 I tell you, ask and it will be given to
you, search and you will find, knock and it will be opened to you. 10 For everyone who asks receives, and
the one who searches finds, and to the one who knocks will it be opened. 11 .. What person of you, whose son
asks for bread, will give him a stone?
12 Or again when he asks for a fish, will give him a snake? 13 So if you, though evil, know how to
give good gifts to your children, by how much more will the Father from heaven
give good things to those who ask him!
Q 11:14-15, 17-20 Refuting the Beelzebul
Accusation
14 And he cast out a demon «which made a
person» mute. And once the demon was cast out, the mute person spoke. And the
crowds were amazed. 15 But some
said: By Beelzebul, the ruler of demons, he casts out demons! 17 But, knowing their thoughts, he said
to them: Every kingdom divided against itself is left barren, and every
household divided against itself will not stand. 18 And if Satan is divided against
himself, how will his kingdom stand? 19
And if I by Beelzebul cast out demons, your sons, by whom do they cast
«them» out? This is why they will be your judges. 20 But if it is by the finger of God
that I cast out demons, then there has come upon you God’s reign.
Q 11:·21-22‚ ·Looting a Strong
Person‚
·21‚ ·«A strong person’s house cannot be
looted,»‚ ·22‚ ·«but if someone
still stronger overpowers him, he does get looted.»‚
Q 11:23 The One not with
Me
23 The one not with me is against me, and
the one not gathering with me scatters.
Q 11:24-26 The Return of the Unclean
Spirit
24 When the defiling spirit has left the
person, it wanders through waterless regions looking for a resting-place, and
finds none. ·Then‚ it says, I will return to my house from which I came. 25 And on arrival it finds «it» swept
and tidied up. 26 Then it goes and
brings with it seven other spirits more evil than itself, and, moving in, they
settle there. And the last «circumstances» of that person become worse than the
first.
Q 11: ?27-28? ?Hearing and Keeping God’s
Word?
?27-28? ..
Q 11:16, 29-30 The Sign of Jonah for This
Generation
16 ·But‚ some .. were demanding from him a
sign. 29 But .. ·he said‚ ..: This
generation is an evil .. generation; it demands a sign, and a sign will not be
given to it — except the sign of Jonah! 30 For as Jonah became to the Ninevites
a sign, so ·also‚ will the son of humanity be to this generation.
Q 11:31-32 Something More than Solomon and
Jonah
31 The queen of the South will be raised at
the judgment with this generation and condemn it, for she came from the ends of
the earth to listen to the wisdom of Solomon, and look, something more than
Solomon is here! 32 Ninevite men will arise at the
judgment with this generation and condemn it. For they repented at the
announcement of Jonah, and look, something more than Jonah is here!
Q 11:33 The Light on the
Lampstand
33 No one light<s> a lamp and puts it
·in a hidden place‚, but on the lampstand, ·and it gives light for everyone in
the house‚.
Q 11:34-35 The Jaundiced Eye Darkens the
Body's Light
34 The lamp of the body is the eye. If your
eye is generous, your whole body
·is‚ radiant; but if your eye is jaundiced, your whole body «is» dark. 35 So if the light within you is dark,
how great «must» the darkness «be»!
Q 11:?39a?, 42, 39b, 41, 43-44 Woes
against the Pharisees
?39a? .. 42 Woe for you, Pharisees, for you
tithe mint and dill and cumin, and ·give up‚ justice and mercy and faithfulness.
But these one had to do, without giving up those. 39b Woe to you, Pharisees, for you
purify the outside of the cup and dish, but inside ·they are‚ full of plunder
and dissipation. 41 ·Purify‚ .. the
inside of the cup, … its outside … pure.
43 Woe to you, Pharisees, for <you> love ·the place of honor at
banquets and‚ the front seat in the synagogues and accolades in the markets. 44 Woe to you, ·Pharisees,‚ for you are
like indistinct tombs, and people walking on top are unaware.
Q 11:46b, 52, 47-48 Woes against the
Exegetes of the Law
46b ·And‚ woe to you, ·exegetes of the Law,‚
for <you> ·bind‚ ... burdens, ·and load on the backs of people, but‚
<you your>selves do not ·want «to lift»‚ your finger ·to move‚ them. 52 Woe to you, ·exegetes of the Law,‚
for you shut the ·kingdom of <God> from people‚; you did not go in, ·nor‚
let in those «trying to» get in. 47
Woe to you, for you built the tombs of the prophets, but your «fore»fathers
killed them. 48 «Thus» ·you‚ witness
·against yourselves that‚ you are ·sons‚ of your «fore»fathers. ..
Q 11:49-51 Wisdom’s Judgment on This
Generation
49 Therefore also .. Wisdom said: I will send
them prophets and sages, and «some» of them they will kill and persecute, 50 so that «a settling of accounts
for» the blood of all the prophets poured out from the founding of the world may
be required of this generation, 51
from «the» blood of Abel to «the» blood of Zechariah, murdered between the
sacrificial altar and the House. Yes, I tell you, «an accounting» will be
required of this generation!
Q 12: 2-3 Proclaiming What Was
Whispered
2 Nothing is covered up that will not be
exposed, and hidden that will not be known. 3 What I say to you in the dark, speak
in the light; and what you hear «whispered» in the ear, proclaim on the
housetops.
Q 12:4-5 Not Fearing the Body’s
Death
4 And do not be afraid of those who kill
the body, but cannot kill the soul. 5
But fear .. the one who is able to destroy both the soul and body in
Gehenna.
Q 12:6-7 More Precious than Many Sparrows
6 Are not ·five‚ sparrows sold for ·two‚
cents? And yet not one of them will
fall to earth without ·your Father's‚ «consent». 7 But even the hairs of your head all
are numbered. Do not be afraid, you are worth more than many sparrows.
Q 12:8-9 Confessing or Denying
8 Anyone who ·may‚ speak out for me in
public, ·the son of humanity‚ will also speak out for him before the angels .. .
9 But whoever may deny me in public
·will be‚ den·ied‚ before the angels .. .
Q 12:10 Speaking against the Holy
Spirit
10 And whoever says a word against the son of
humanity, it will be forgiven him; but whoever ·speaks‚ against the holy Spirit,
it will not be forgiven him.
Q 12:11-12 Hearings before
Synagogues
11 When they bring you before synagogues, do
not be anxious about how or what you are to say; 12 for ·the holy Spirit will teach‚ you
in that .. hour what you are to say.
Q 12:33-34 Storing up Treasures in
Heaven
33 «Do not treasure for yourselves treasures
on earth, where moth and gnawing deface and where robbers dig through and rob,»
but treasure for yourselves treasure«s» in heaven, where neither moth nor
gnawing defaces and where robbers do not dig through nor rob. 34 For where your treasure is, there
will also be your heart.
Q 12:22b-31 Free from Anxiety like Ravens
and Lilies
22b Therefore I tell you, do not be anxious
about your life, what you are to eat, nor about your body, with what you are to
clothe yourself. 23 Is not life more
than food, and the body than clothing? 24 Consider the ravens: They neither
sow nor reap nor gather into barns, and yet God feeds them. Are you not better
than the birds? 25 And who of you by
being anxious is able to add to one's stature a .. cubit? 26 And why are you anxious about
clothing? 27 ·Observe‚ the lilies,
how they grow: They do not work nor do they spin. Yet I tell you: Not even
Solomon in all his glory was arrayed like one of these. 28 But if in the field the grass, there
today and tomorrow thrown into the oven, God clothes thus, will he not much more
clothe you, persons of petty faith! 29 ·So‚ do not be anxious, saying: What
are we to eat? ·Or:‚ What are we to drink? ·Or:‚ What are we to wear? 30 For all these the Gentiles seek;
·for‚ your Father knows that you need them ·all‚. 31 But seek his kingdom, and ·all‚
these shall be granted to you.
Q 12:39-40 The Son of Humanity Comes as a
Robber
39 But know ·this‚: If the householder had
known in which watch the robber was coming, he would not have let his house be
dug into. 40 You also must be ready,
for the Son of Humanity is coming at an hour you do not expect.
Q 12:42-46 The Faithful or Unfaithful
Slave
42 Who then is the faithful ·and‚ wise slave
whom the master put over his household to give ·them‚ food on time? 43 Blessed is that slave whose master,
on coming, will find so doing. 44
·Amen‚, I tell you, he will appoint him over all his possessions. 45 But if that slave says in his heart:
My master is delayed, and begins to beat ·his fellow slaves‚, and eats and
drinks ·with the‚ drunk·ards‚, 46
the master of that slave will come on a day he does not expect and at an hour he
does not know, and will cut him to pieces and give him an inheritance with the
faithless.
Q 12:·49‚, 51, 53 Children against
Parents
·49‚ ·«Fire have I come to hurl on the
earth, and how I wish it had already blazed up!»‚ 51 ·Do you‚ think that I have come to
hurl peace on earth? I did not come to hurl peace, but a sword! 53 For I have come to divide son
against father, ·and‚ daughter against her mother, ·and‚ daughter-in-law against
her mother-in-law.
Q 12:·54-56‚ ·Judging the Time‚
·54‚ ·«But he said to them:» When
evening has come, you say: Good weather! For the sky is flame red.‚ ·55‚ ·And at dawn: Today «it's» wintry!
For the lowering sky is flame red.‚ ·56‚ ·The face of the sky you know to
interpret, but the time you are not able to?‚
Q 12:58-59 Settling out of
Court
58 ·While‚ you «go along» with your opponent
on the way, make an effort to get loose from him, lest ·the opponent‚ hand you
over to the judge, and the judge to the assistant, and ·the <assistant>‚
throw ·you‚ into prison. 59 I say to
you: You will not get out of there until you pay the last ·penny‚.
Q 13:18-19 The Parable of the Mustard
Seed
18 What is the kingdom of God like, and with
what am I to compare it? 19 It is
like a seed of mustard, which a person took and threw into his ·garden‚. And it
grew and developed into a tree, and the birds of the sky nested in its
branches.
Q 13:20-21 The Parable of the
Yeast
20 ·And again‚: With what am I to compare the
kingdom of God? 21 It is like yeast,
which a woman took «and» hid in three measures of flour until it was fully
fermented.
Q 13:24-27 I Do Not Know
You
24 Enter through the narrow door, for many
will seek to enter and few ·are those who <enter through> it‚. 25 When the ·householder has arisen‚
and locked the door, ·and you begin to stand outside and knock on the door,‚
saying: Master, open for us, and he will answer you: I do not know you. 26 Then you will begin saying: We ate
in your presence and drank, and «it was» in our streets you taught. 27 And he will say to you: I do not
know you! Get away from me, ·you who‚ do lawlessness!
Q 13:29, 28 Replaced by People from East
and West
29 ·And many‚ shall come from Sunrise and
Sunset and recline 28 with Abraham
and Isaac and Jacob in the kingdom of God, but ·you will be‚ thrown out ·into
the‚ out·er darkness‚, where there will be wailing and grinding of teeth.
Q 13:·30‚ ·The Reversal of the Last and the
First‚
·30‚ ·.. The last will be first and the
first last.‚
Q 13:34-35 Judgment over
Jerusalem
34 O Jerusalem, Jerusalem, who kills the
prophets and stones those sent to her! How often I wanted to gather your
children together, as a hen gathers her nestlings under her wings, and you were
not willing! 35 Look, your house is
forsaken! .. I tell you, you will not see me until ·«the time» comes when‚ you
say: Blessed is the one who comes in the name of the Lord!
Q 14:·11‚ ·The Exalted Humbled and the Humble
Exalted‚
·11‚ ·Everyone exalting oneself will be
humbled, and the one humbling oneself will be exalted.‚
Q 14: 16-18, ?19-20?, 21, 23 The Parable of the Invited Dinner
Guests
16 A certain person prepared a ·large‚
dinner, ·and invited many‚. 17 And
he sent his slave ·at the time of the dinner‚ to say to the invited: Come, for
it is now ready. 18 «One declined
because of his» farm. ?19? «Another
declined because of his business.» ?20?? .. 21 «And the slave, <on coming,
said> these things to his master.» Then the householder, enraged, said to his
slave: 23 Go out on the roads, and
whomever you find, invite, so that my house may be filled.
Q 14:26 Hating One’s
Family
26 ·<The one who>‚ does not hate
father and mother <can>not <be> my <disciple>; and ·<the
one who>‚ <does not hate> son and daughter cannot be my disciple.
Q 14:27 Taking One’s
Cross
27 .. The one who does not take one's cross
and follow after me cannot be my disciple.
Q 17:33 Losing One’s
Life
33 ·The one who‚ finds one’s life will lose
it, and ·the one who‚ loses one’s life ·for my sake‚ will find it.
Q 14:34-35 Insipid
Salt
34 Salt ·is good‚; but if salt becomes
insipid, with what will it be ·seasoned‚? 35 Neither for the earth nor for the
dunghill is it ·fit‚ — it gets thrown out.
Q 16:13 God or
Mammon
13 No one can serve two masters; for a person
will either hate the one and love the other, or be devoted to the one and
despise the other. You cannot serve God and Mammon.
Q 16:16 Since John the Kingdom of
God
16 .. The law and the prophets «were» until
John. From then «on» the kingdom of God is violated and the violent plunder
it.
Q 16:17 No Serif of the Law to
Fall
17 ·But it is easier for‚ heaven and earth
·to‚ pass away ·than for one iota or‚ one serif of the law ·to fall‚.
Q 16:18 Divorce Leading to
Adultery
18 Everyone who divorces his wife ·and
marries another‚ commits adultery, and the one who marries a divorcée commits
adultery.
Q 17:1-2 Against Enticing Little
Ones
1 It is necessary for enticements to come,
but woe «to the one» through whom they come! 2 It is better for him ·if‚ a millstone
is put around his neck and he is thrown into the sea, than that he should entice
one of these little ones.
Q 15:4-5a, 7 The Lost Sheep
4 Which person «is there» among you «who»
has a hundred sheep, ·on losing‚ one of them, ·will‚ not leave the ninety-nine
·in the mountains‚ and go ·hunt for‚ the ·lost one‚? 5a And if it should happen that he
finds it, 7 I say to you that he
rejoices over it more than over the ninety-nine that did not go astray.
Q 15:·8-10‚ ·The Lost Coin‚
·8‚ ·«Or what woman who has ten coins,
if she were to lose one coin, would not light a lamp and sweep the house and
hunt until she finds?»‚ ·9‚ ·«And on
finding she calls the friends and neighbors, saying: Rejoice with me, for I
found the coin which I lost.»‚ ·10‚
·«Just so, I tell you, there is joy before the angels over one repenting
sinner.»‚
Q 17:3-4 Forgiving a Sinning Brother
Repeatedly
3 If your brother sins ·against you‚,
rebuke him; and if ·he repents‚, forgive him. 4 And if seven times a day he sins
against you, also seven times shall you forgive him.
Q 17:6 Faith Like a Mustard
Seed
6 If you have faith like a mustard seed,
you might say to this mulberry tree: Be uprooted and planted in the sea! And it
would obey you.
Q 17: ·20-21‚ ·The Kingdom of God within You‚
·20‚ ·«But on being asked when the
kingdom of God is coming, he answered them and said: The kingdom of God is not
coming visibly.»‚ ·21‚ ·«Nor will
one say:» Look, here! or: «There! For, look, the kingdom of God is within you!»‚
Q 17:23-24 The Son of Humanity Like
Lightning
23 If they say to you: Look, he is in the
wilderness, do not go out; look, he is indoors, do not follow. 24 For as the lightning streaks out
from Sunrise and flashes as far as Sunset, so will be the Son of Humanity ·on
his day‚.
Q 17:37 Vultures around a
Corpse
37 Wherever the corpse, there the vultures
will gather.
Q 17:26-27, ?28-29?, 30 As in the Days of
Noah
26 .. ·As it took place in‚ the days of Noah,
so will it be ·in the day<>‚ of the Son of Humanity. 27 ·For as in those days‚ they were
eating and drinking, marrying and giving in marriage, until the day Noah entered
the ark and the flood came and took them all, ?28-29? .. 30 so will it also be on the day the
Son of Humanity is revealed.
34 I tell you, there will be two ·in the
field‚; one is taken and one is left. 35
Two women will be grinding at the mill; one is taken and one is
left.
Q 19:12-13, 15-24, 26 The Parable of the
Entrusted Money
12 .. A certain person, on taking a trip, 13 called ten of his slaves and gave
them ten minas and said to them: Do business until I come. 15 .. ·After a long time‚ the master of
those slaves comes and settles accounts with them. 16 And the first ·came‚ saying: Master,
your mina has produced ten more minas. 17 And he said to him: Well done, good
slave, you have been faithful over a pittance, I will set you over much. 18 And the ·second‚ came saying:
Master, your mina has earned five minas. 19 He said ·to him: Well done, good
slave, you have been faithful over a pittance,‚ I will set you over much. 20 And the other came saying: Master,
21 ·I knew‚ you, that you are a hard
person, reaping where you did not sow and gathering from where you did not
winnow; and, scared, I ·went and‚ hid ·your mina‚ in ·the ground‚. Here, you
have what belongs to you. 22 He said
to him: Wicked slave! You knew that I reap where I have not sown, and gather
from where I have not winnowed? 23
·Then you had to invest‚ my money ·with the‚ money·-changers‚! And at my coming
I would have received what belongs to me plus interest. 24 So take from him the mina and give
«to» the one who has the ten minas. 26 ·For‚ to everyone who has will be
given; but from the one who does not have, even what he has will be taken from
him.
Q 22:28, 30 You Will Judge the Twelve
Tribes of Israel
28 .. You who have followed me 30 will sit .. on thrones judging the
twelve tribes of Israel.