paul tables

External dates

Paul’s life

Paul’s letters

References

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27

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28

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29

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30 Crucifixion (possible date)

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31

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32

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33 Crucifixion (probable date)

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34

Paul's conversion (near Damascus)

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Gal 1:15-16; Acts 9:1-22

35

Arabia, Nabatea, Damascus (34-37)

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Gal 1:17

36

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37 Aretas IV of Nabatea controls Damascus (37-39) Death of Tiberius

Escape from Damascus Jerusalem visit I after 3 years Syria, Cilicia, Damascus

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2 Cor 11:32-33

Gal 1:18-19; Acts 9:26-30 Gal 1:21

38

[Cyprus?]

Pamphylia, Galatia, Pisidia [Troas]

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Acts 13

Gal 4:13-14 Acts 14:1-23 Acts 16:6-12

39

PhilippiThessalonica, [Beroea] Gifts to Paul in Thessalonica [Athens]

THESS A (from Beroea?)

Phil 4:15; 1:5; Acts 16:12-401 Thess 2:2,13-15; Acts 16:19-39 Acts 17

40 Caligula & Jerusalem Temple

Corinth visit I (40-42)

Letter and gift from Philippi (Epaphroditus)

THESS B (from Corinth) THESS C (from Corinth)

Acts 18; 2 Thess 2:XX Josephus/Philo

41Death of Caligula

Claudius’ edict

Epaphras’s mission in the Lycus Valley

Letter from Philippi

PHIL A (from Corinth)

Suetonius/Dio

42

Illyricum

Apollos in Corinth

COR A (from Illyricum or Macedonia)

Rom 15:19; 1 Thess 3:1

43

Macedonia? Asia? [ Achaia ?] Imprisonment in Ephesus?

PHIL B (from Ephesus)

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44

Galatia?

COL, PHM, LAOD????

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45 Jerusalem famine (45-46)

Antioch

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Gal 2:10

46

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47

Jerusalem visit II (14 years) JERUSALEM COUNCIL Troubles in Antioch

Troubles in Galatia

Cephas in Corinth

.

Gal 2:1-10; Acts 15:2-23 Gal 2:11-14; Acts 15:11 Cor 1:12; 9:5

48

Galatia Ephesus

Chloe’s people to Paul Stepahanas, Fortunatus, Achaicus to Paul

Letter from Corinth

GAL A (from Ephesus)

COR B (from Ephesus)

Letter from Thessalonica

THESS D (from Asia)

1 Cor 16:11 Cor 16:18,19;1 Cor 7:1, 251 Cor 1:111 Cor 16:17

49

Troubles in Corinth

Corinth visit II (Painful) Afflictions in Asia

COR C (from Asia)

COR D (from Asia)

GAL B (from Asia)

PHIL C (from Asia)

2 Cor 2:3-9; 7:8-142 Cor 2:12 Cor 1:8-9

50

Prison in Ephesus/release Ttroas Macedonia

COR E (from Ephesus)

1 Cor 16:7-81 Cor 16:5-6

51 Gallio, governor of Achaia (1 July 50 - 30 June 51)

Corinth visit III (hearing before Gallio)

COR F (from Macedonia) ROM (from Corinth)

EPH (with copy of Romans; from Corinth)

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52

Jerusalem visit III (coll'n) Plans to go to Rome and Spain

.

Rom 15:25-33; 1 Cor 16:4

53

Arrest in Jerusalem

Caesarean prison (53-55)

.

Acts 21:17-23:11 Acts 23:12-24:27

54 Death of Claudius

.

COR G (from Caesarea)

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55 Festus arrives in Caesarea (55 or 56)

Paul appeals to Rome

.

Acts 25:1-26:32

56

Voyage to Rome House arrest (56-58)

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Acts 27:1-28:10 Acts 28:11-29

57

Execution? Release?

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Acts 28:30-31

58

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59

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60

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61

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62

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63

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64 Nero’s action against Christians

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65

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66 Outbreak of Jewish Revolt in Judea

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67 Arrival of Vespasian and Titus in Judea

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68 Assassination of Nero

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69 Year of the four Emperors

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70 Fall of Jerusalem

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[back to top]

Table 1: Paul’s autobiographical statements

Phil. 3:5-6

2 Cor. 11:22-29

Gal. 1:13-2:1

1 Cor. 9:1-2, 19-23

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I was circumcised on 8th day

I am Hebrew

I persecuted church violently

I am free

member of Israel

Israelite

tried to destroy it

apostle

tribe of Benjamin

Abraham’s descendant

advanced in Judaism for my age

slave to all

Hebrew of the Hebrews

minister of Christ

zealous for ancestors’ traditions

I became a Jew

re law, a Pharisee

with more labors

God revealed his son to me

I became as under law

re zeal, persecutor of church

more imprisonments

I did not confer with humans

I became as outside law

re righteousness, blameless

countless floggings

I went into Arabia

I became weak

all is loss for Christ’s sake

39 lashes five times

I visited Cephas and James

I became all things to all

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rods three times

I went to Syria and Cilicia

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.

stoning once

I went to Jerusalem again

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shipwrecked three times

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.

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…I was caught up into Paradise

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Table 2: Luke’s sequence of events

Damascus (Acts 9:10)

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Escape (9:25)

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Jerusalem I (9:26)

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.

Tarsus (9:30)

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.

[Barnabas to Antioch (11:22])

Antioch (15:30)

Antioch (18:22)

Saul to Antioch (11:26)

.

.

Jerusalem II: relief visit] (11:30)

.

.

Barnabas, Saul, Mark to Antioch (12:25)

.

.

Barnabas, Saul, Mark to Cyprus (13:4)

Barnabas & Mark to Cyprus (15:39)

.

Paul & Barnabas to Perge, Pisidian Antioch (13:13)

Paul & Silas to Syria and Cilicia (15:41)

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Iconium (13:51)

{

.

Lystra and Derbe (14:6)

{Lystra (16:1)

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Lystra,, Iconium, Antioch, Perge, Attallia, Antioch (14:21-26)

{Phrygia and Galatia (16:6)

{Galatia and Phrygia (18:23)

Jerusalem III (15:2)

Philippi (16:12)

{

.

Thessalonica (17:1)

{

.

Beroea (17:10)

{see below

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Athens (17:16)

{

.

Corinth I (18:1)

{

.

Ephesus (18:19)

Ephesus and Asia (19:1, 10)

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Jerusalem IV (18:22)

[Timothy, Erastus to Macedon (19:22)]

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.

Macedon, Greece (Corinth II?), Macedon, Philippi (20:1-6)

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Troas, Assos, Lesbos, Samos, Miletus (20:5-16) "we"

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Cos, Rhodes, Patara, Tyre, Ptolemais, Caesarea (21:1-8)

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Jerusalem V (21:15)

[back to top

Tables 3 to 5 missing]

Table 6: The Corinthian correspondence

1 Corinthians

2 Corinthians 1:1-2:13 plus 7:5-16

2 Corinthians 2:14-6:13 plus 7:2-4

2 Corinthians 6:14-7:1

2 Corinthians 8

2 Corinthians 9

2 Corinthians 10-13

Table 7: Contacts between Paul and Corinth

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Paul’s Founding Visit to Corinth

1 Cor. 1:4-17; 2:1-5; 3:6-15; 4:15

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Apollos in Corinth

(presupposed in 1 Cor. 1:12, ; 3:6; 4:6)

COR A

[carried by?] 2 Cor. 6:14-7:1

The Previous Letter

(presupposed in 1 Cor. 5:9)

.

.

Chloe's people to Paul [oral reports] quarreling, immorality,

1 Cor 1:11; 5:1

Letter from Corinth. to Paul

[carried by Stephanas et al]

Questions

(alluded to in 1 Cor 7:1, 25; 8:1, etc.). see 1 Cor. 16:17]

.

.

Apollos’s abortive visit to Corinth

(alluded to in 1 Cor. 16:12-13)

COR B

carried by Timothy

1 Cor. 1 - 16

(see 1 Cor 4:17; 16:10; 2 Cor.1:19)

COR C

Titus and brother

2 Cor. 8 (collection)

see 2Cor 12:17-18; 8:16; 1Cor.16:1-4

COR D

Brothers to Corinth

2 Cor. 9 (collection)

see 2 Cor. 9:3, 5; 1Cor. 16:1-4

.

.

Paul’s changed travel plans

(see 2 Cor 1:XX)

.

.

Paul’s Painful Visit

(2 Cor 2:1-2; 13:2)

COR E

carried by Titus

2 Cor. 10 - 13 = The Painful or Severe Letter

2 Cor. 2:1-11; 7:6-16)

.

.

Paul’s goes to Troas and Macedonia

(2 Cor. XXX)

.

.

Titus meets Paul in Macedonia with good news

(2 Cor. 2:13; 7:6)

.

.

Apollos in Corinth?

2 Cor. 3:1-3?????

COR F

carried by Titus? Timothy?

A Letter of Appeal: 2 Cor. 2:14-6:13 + 7:2-4

.

COR G

carried by ?

The Reconciliation Letter: 2 Cor.1:1-2:13+7:5-16

.

.

.

Paul’s Third Visit (still in prospect) to Corinth

2 Cor 12:14; 13:1

ROM/EPH

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Writes letter to Rome, with copy to Ephesus

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Arrest and imprisonment?

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Hearing before Gallio and release

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Table 8: Sequential analysis of Philippians

I

1:1-2

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Salutation

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1:3-11

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Thanksgiving

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1:12 - 2:30

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Body

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1:12-18

Body opening

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1:19-2:18

Body middle

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.

2:19-30

Body closing (Apostolic parousia)

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3:1a-

.

Beginning of paraenesis (to loipon, "for the rest"; cf. 2 Cor 13:11; 1 Thess. 4:1; 2 Thess. 3:1)

II

3:1b-21

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Body

.

.

3:1b-16

Body middle ?

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.

3:17-21

Body closing (Apostolic parousia, here imitation)

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4:1-6

.

Paraenesis (note how 4:4 duplicates 3:1a)

.

4:7

.

Peace wish (part of conclusion)

III

4:8-9a

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Paraenesis

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4:9b

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Peace wish

IV

4:10-14

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Body of a letter of thanks

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4:15-18

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Body closing

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4:19

..

Closing greeting (?)

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4:20

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Closing doxology

V

4:21-23

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Concluding greetings

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Table 9: Analysis of Philippians

Body

/open

/middle

/close

Paraenesis

Peace wish

Conclusion

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1:12 - 2:30

1:12-18

1:19-2:18

2:19-30

3:1a -

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3:1b-21

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3:1b-16

3:17-21

4:1-6

4:7

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4:8-9a

4:9b

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4:10-18

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4:15-18

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4:19, 4:20

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4:21-23

Table 10: The Philippian correspondence

Letter of praise

1:1-3:1a

lacking most of the paraenesis and conclusion

Letter of thanks for contribution

4:10-20

lacking only its salutation

Letter of warning, with apologetic

3:1b-4:9

lacking salutation

Table 11: Alternative reconstructions for Philippians

Marxsen

Preferred alternative

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.

Phil A = 4:10-20

Phil A = 4:10-20

Phil B = 1:1 - 3:1, plus 4:4--7, 21-23

Phil B = 1:1 - 3:1a [missing] plus 4:21-23

Phil C = 3:2 -4:3, 8-9

Phil C = 3:1b - 4:7 (plus 8-9 ?)

Table 12: The Thessalonian correspondence

2 Thess. 2:13-3:5

a letter requesting prayer

=THESS A

1 Thess. 2:13-3:13

a letter of travel plans

=THESS B

2 Thess. 1:1-2:12, plus 3:6-18

a letter of warning

=THESS C

1 Thess. 1:1-2:12, plus 4:1-5:28

a letter of instruction

=THESS D

Table 13: Sequence of the Thessalonian letters

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A

B

C

D

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Founding visit

2:13-15

2:13-14

1:3 (growing)

1:2-10 (reference to a second visit?) 4:2-8

Travel plans

none

217-20;3:1-10

none

2:1-8 (second visit?)

Other contacts

2:15

.

we hear, 3:11; 3:17

4:9 Thessalonian letter to Paul

Work

none

none

3:6-13

2:9-12!; 4:11-12; 5:14

End

.

2:16b

1:5-2:11

4:13-5:11

Troubles

3:1-5

2:14-16

1:1-6

.

Table 14: Contacts between Paul and Thessalonica

.

Paul’s founding visit

.

visit by Timothy (1 Thess. 3:1-2)

THESS A

a letter requesting prayer for success

THESS B

Paul’s travel plans

.

Paul’s second visit (?)

.

Thessalonian troubles

THESS C

with warnings, rebuke and discussion of end

.

Letter from the Thessalonians

THESS D

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Table 15: Contacts between Paul, Philippi, Thessalonica, and Macedonia

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Paul’s founding visit to Philippi

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.

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Paul’s founding visit to Thessalonica

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.

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[Paul’s founding visit to Beroea?]

.

THESS A

2 Thess. 2:13-3:5

Requesting prayer

from Beroea?

Letter to Thessalonica

.

support for Paul

letter and gift from Philippi

Letter 2 to Thessalonica

.

support for Paul

letter and gift from Philippi (Phil 4:16)

THESS B

1 Thess 2:13-3:13

Letter of travel plans)

carried by Timothy from Athens

Letter to Corinth

.

support for Paul

letter and gift from Philippi

carried by Epaphroditus (Phil 4:18)

THESS C

2 Thess. 1:1-2:12, plus 3:6-18

letter of warning, rebuke and discussion of end

.

Letter from Thessalonians

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concerning love of brethren, death, and the end

1 Thess 4:9, 13; 5:1

PHIL A

Phil 4:10-20

letter of thanks

from Paul in Corinth?

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.

Epaphroditus ill in Ephesus? in Corinth?

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.

.

[Jerusalem Conference]

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.

.

Opposition and trouble in Ephesus

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PHIL B

Phil 1:1-3:1a+?

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from Paul & Timothy in prison, probably from Ephesus (carried by Epaphroditus?)

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.

Timothy will go soon to Macedonia (he will wait to see how imprisonment turns out)

.

.

.

Paul plan to go to Macedonia soon, then Corinth; may spend winter in Corinth

(COR B from Ephesus, before Pentecost)

.

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Titius will go to Corinth with the famous brother (and the brothers)

(COR C)

.

.

The brothers will go to Achaia, though Paul plans to go to Corinth too

(COR D)

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Affliction Macedonia

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THESS D

1 Thess. 1:1-2:12, plus 4:1-5:28,

letter of instruction

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Troubles between Euodia and Syntyche in Philippi

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PHIL C

Philippians 3:1-4:9

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from Ephesus; Paul’s "loyal companion " will help smooth problems

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Jerusalem delegates in region checking on Jerusalem agreement

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.

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Paul arrives in Philippi from Troas

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.

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About to go to Corinth for third time, insisting he kept within his sphere of action and that Macedonia met his needs

Writes COR E (2 Corinthians 10-13) from Macedonia

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.

Paul moves on to Thessalonica

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.

.

Paul and Timothy going to Corinth and Achaia (though Paul had wanted to visit Corinth on his way to Macedonia and also on the way back; he changed plans because he did not want to make another painful visit). So he went to Troas, then Macedonia, then he will go to Corinth and then to Judea.

Writes COR F (2 Cor 1:1-2:13+7:5-16) from Macedonia (perhaps Thessalonica) in a depressed mood, feeling afflicted in every way

.

.

Titus arrives in Macedonia with good news about Corinth.

.

.

.

Paul leaves Macedonia for Corinth

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.

.

Macedonia and Ahaia have shared in the collection; now has no further place in east.

will go to Jerusalem to deliver gift (pray for rescue from unbelievers in Judea and that gift is acceptable (ROM)

.

.

Returns from Corinth and Achaia to Macedonia, then leaves for Troas, where he meets collectioin representatives

.

Table 16: Colossians and Philemon

Colossians

Laodicea and Hierapolis

Philemon

.

.

.

from Paul and Timothy

[from Paul (and Timothy?)]

from Paul and Timothy

Read Laodiceans also

Read Colossians

to Philemon, Apphia, Archippus & church

carried by Tychicus (Col. 4:7)& Onesimus (one of you)

carried by ?

carried by Onesimus

in prison (Col. 4:4)

Aristarchus in prison (4:10)

.

in prison (Phm 9)

Aristarchus greets you (now out of prison)

Mark (may come)

Jesus Justus

.

Mark greets you

Epaphras (worked hard)

Epaphras worked hard for both

Epaphras greets you (in prison now, 23)

Luke

Demas

.

Luke greets you

Demas greets you

not a Pauline church (Col. 1:3, 9)

not Pauline (Col 2:1)

"you owe me even your own self" (19)

founded by Epaphras (1:7)

probably founded by Epaphras

.

Greet Nympha and church in her house

.

[no other greetings]

Tell Archippus to complete task

.

prepare a guest room, hoping to visit

Table 17: Authentic Letters of Paul

7

letters to the Corinthians

4

letters to the Thessalonians

3

letters to the Philippians

1

letter to the Romans

1

letter to the Ephesians (= Rom. 16)

2

letters to the Galatians

1

letter to Philemon

1

letter to the Colossians

1

letter to the Laodiceans

Table 18: References to money, support, and the collection

Allusions to self-support

.

.

.

Thessalonians C

2 Thess. 3:6-13 (some Thessalonians not working; Paul works to support himself)

.

Thessalonians D

1 Thess. 2:9-12; 4:11-12; 5:14 (Paul's/others'(?) self-support)

.

Corinthians B

1 Cor. 9:3-7 (defends practice of self support and no church support but claims right)

Allusions to church support of Paul or others

.

.

.

Philippians A

Phil. 4:10-20 (thanks for their support for him)

.

Corinthians B

1 Cor. 9:3-7 (claims right of church support; different practice of brothers of Lord and Cephas)

.

.

1 Cor. 9:12b-18 (analogy of Temple priests; cites word of Lord)

Jerusalem Council: "remember the poor"

.

.

Instructions for (or description of) collection

.

.

.

Galatians A

a letter with instructions on how to take up the collection (1 Cor. 16:1)

.

Galatians B

Gal. 2:10, origins of collection, but no reference to a collection in Galatia

.

Corinthians B

1 Cor. 16:1-4 (collection; may go to Jerusalem with it)

.

Corinthians C

2 Cor. 8:1-24 (collection letter: to Corinth; get working.Macedonian generosity)

.

Corinthians D

2 Cor. 9:1-15 (collection letter: Achaia was ready; still ready? but Macedonians might not finish)

.

Corinthians E

2 Cor. 11:7-11 (Corinthian anger over support from Macedonians)

.

.

2 Cor. 12:16-18 (? possible allusion)

.

Corinthians F

2 Cor. 7:13b-16 (? possible allusion; reconciliation)

.

Romans

Rom. 15:25-32 (leaving with the collection from Macedonia, Achaia [not Corinth, Galatia, Asia?])

No references

.

.

.

Thessalonians A

.

.

Thessalonians B

.

.

Philippians B

.

.

Philippians C

.

.

Philemon

.

.

Colossians

.

.

[Laodiceans?]

.

Table 19: Externally datable events in Paul’s life

.

References

Jewett

MOC

Date

.

.

.

.

.

Crucifixion of Jesus

Gospels

30

30

33

Aretas IV’s (of Nabatea) control over Damascus

2 Cor 11:32-33

37-39

37

37

Caligula’s plan to put his statue in the Temple in Jerusalem

2 Thess. 2:4

.

.

40

Edict of Claudius expelling Jews and Christians from Rome

Suetonius & Dio

49

49

41

Famine in Judea, giving rise to the collection

Gal. 2:10; Rom. 15:225-27; etc

.

.

45/46

Gallio’s term as proconsul in Corinth

Acts 18:12

1 July 51-30 June 52

1 July 51-30 June 52

1 July 51-30 June 52

Festus’s arrival in Caesarea as prefect

Acts 25:1

59-60

59-60

[55-56?]

55?

Table 20: Sequence of the authentic letters of Paul

I conclude that we know of the following letters by Paul, a total of 21 letters; the table below the list aims to put them in a sequence and to say something about the details of each.

7 letters to Corinth

4 letters to Thessalonica

3 letters to Philippi

1 letter to Rome

1 letter to Ephesus

2 letters to Galatia

1 letter to Philemon

1 letter to Colosse

1 letter to Laodicea

THESS A

2 Thess 2:13-3:5

letter of encouragement

Salutation missing. Perhaps from Beroea, 39 CE

Content: First fruits; our proclamation of the good news; hold fast to traditions; pray for us.

Autobiography; References; Money/Collection; Travel: nothing.

Order: Nothing to suggest order, except that it sounds early and soon after founding of church.

THESS B

1 Thess 2:13-3:13

letter of travel plans

Salutation missing. From Coritnh, 40 CE.

Content: Good response. Imitate Judean churches. God’s wrath at last. Persecution.

Autobiography; References; Money/Collection: nothing

Travel: Separated from you. Wanted to come. Stayed in Athens, but sent Timothy; he has just returned with good news.

Order: Must be early, but little to suggest specific place.

THESS C

2 Thess 1:1-2:12+3:6-17

letter of eschatological instruction and warning

From Corinth, 41CE. From Paul, Silvanus and Timothy.

Content: Good response. Affliction, eternal destruction, Jesus’ coming and the Lawless One in the Temple of God. Don’t be idle. Alarmed by word or letter. Pauline autograph (in all letters).

Autobiography; References; Travel: nothing

Money/Collection:. Problem of idleness; those who do not work should not eat. Paul’s self support through labor.

Order: Follows eschatological references in THESS B; Description of Lawless One suggests date.

LETTER AND GIFT FROM PHILIPPI

By Epaphroditus.

PHIL A

Philippians 4:10-20

letter of thanks

Salutation missing. From Corinth, 41 CE.

Content: Revived your concern for me. In the early days, only you shared. You sent money more than once when I was in Thessalonica.

Autobiography: nothing.

References: churches of Macedonia; role of Epaphroditus.

Money/Collection: no other church support for Paul except from Philippi.

Travel: Epaphroditus has come from Philippi

Order: Very likely to be pre-collection since support is for Paul. No claim to be self-supporting.

COR A

2 Cor. 6:14-7:1

letter of advice = Previous letter

Very fragmentary. From Ilyricum or Macedonia? Date 42/43?

Contents: Do not be mismated. Light & dark. Temple/idols. We are temple (relate to 41??). Be separate and holy.

Autobiography; References; Travel; Money/Collection: nothing.

Order: Pre Jerusalem Conference.

PHIL B

Philippians 1:1-3:1a + 4: 21-23

letter of encouragement from prison

From Ephesus? 43/44? Paul and Timothy.

Contents: Share gospel from beginning till now. In prison. Some preach from envy, rivalry, ambition, increase my suffering. Opponenets. Christ-hymn. Paul is being poured out as libation.

Autobiography: unsure whether to wish to depart and be with Christ or remain in flesh.

References: Praetorian guard, thus provincial capital.

Money/Collection: nothing, though note reference to Epaphroditus.

Travel: May go there soon? I hope to send Timothy soon, for he is reliable (wait to see how imprisonment turns out). I am sending Epaphroditus (with this letter?), because he longs for you. He has been ill.

Order: Must follow PHIL A and reference there to Epaphroditus. Not likely Caesarea or even Rome. Must presuppose earlier imprisonment

COL

Colossians

letter of instruction and praise, from prison

From Ephesus. 43/44 CE? From Paul & Timothy to Colosse (why is Tim co-sender but not in jail?)

Contents: Heard of faith, love made known, since day we heard from Epaphras (church not founded by Paul). Christ-hymn. Paul’s suffering fills up what is lacking in Christ’s. Struggling for you and Laodiceans. Church facing danger of deception and plausible arguments, tradition, circumcision, food, drink, festivals, Sabbaths, angels, regulations. No longer Greek/Jew, slave/free, circumcision/uncircumcision, barbarian/Scythian.

Autobiography: Churches at Laodicea and Colosse (and Hierapolis?) have not seen Paul face to face.

Referencess: Epaphras taught them, he is a faithful minister. Aristarchus (here in prison) & Mark (may come) & Jesus Justus (all Jews); Epaphras & Luke & Demas also send greetings (all Greeks). Greet Nympha and church. Tell Archippus to complete job. Read Laodicean letter.

Money/Collection: nothing.

Travel: Tychicus is coming and will tell you (carries letter?) with Onesimus (who is one of you)

Order: Must follow a period when Epaphras has been with Paul but has had time to found churches of Colosse, Laodicea, Hierapolis.

LAOD

Laodiceans

letter from prison

From prison in Ephesus? 43/44 CE? From Paul and ?

Order: written at same time as Colossians.

PHM

Philemon

letter of appeal

From prison in Ephesus? 43/44. From Paul to Philemon, Apphia, Archippus & church.

Contents: Appeal for Onesimus, my child, as I send him back to you. Receive him. I will repay, though you owe me yourself (how did Philemon owe Paul his own self when he did not found church?).

Autobiography: nothing.

References: Onesimus. Epaphras (if Epaphras is fellow prisoner and from the area, why is he not co-sender?). Mark & Aristarchus (in prison in Col) &Demas & Luke all send greetings. Note that Aristarchus was in prison in Colossians, not here; that Epaphras was not in prison in Colossians, but is here.

Money/Collection: nothing.

Travel: Sending Onesimus, though wanted to keep him. Prepare a guest room, coming soon.

Order: Probably written after Colossians. Cant be as late as most put it, since Paul is planning to go to Rome and then Spain. Must be earlier, before Jerusalem Council..

GAL A

see1 Cor. 16:1

administrative letter).

From Ephesus, 48 CE

Content: no fragment remains; according to Paul’s brief note he gave instructions to the Galatian churches on how to take up the collection, apparently (v. 2) setting aside money weekly for the purpose.

LETTER FROM CORINTH

see 1Cor. 7:1.

Content: Topics of the letter dealt with in 1 Corinthians in turn, so subject matter reflected in 1 Cor. 7:1, 25; 8:1; 12:1; [15:1]; 16:1, 12.

COR B

1 Corinthians

letter of instruction and advice

From Ephesus; before Pentecost, 48 CE. From Paul & Sosthenes.

Contents: Troubles have begun to arise in Corinth, with divisions among followers of various leaders. Paul has to backtrack on some things from his previous letter (1 Cor. 5:9-13), probably as a result of the Jerusalem Council. Reports of immorality.

Autobiography: Paul insists on his own freedom and apostleship. Has right to be accompanied by wife.

References: Founding visit by Paul; Apollos waters and builds on foundation. Stephanas first convert. Apollos and Cephas have been there. Barnabas and Timothy are associate of Paul’s. Chloe, Stephanas, Fortunatus, Achaicus in Corinth. Aquila and Priscilla have a house-church. Churches of Asia send greetings.

Collection/Money: Paul is free to refrain from working, but does not, so that gospel will be free. He is unlike other apostles in this decision. A collection is to be take up; follow directions I gave to Galatia. You can send approved persons with it.

Travel: Stephanas, Fortunatus and Achaicus brought letter to Ephesus. I sent (am sending?) Timothy. Chloe’s people have brought news to Paul I will come soon, after going to Macedon (spend winter); but I don’t want to see you now. When Timothy comes, send him back to me. Apollos refused to visit Corinth. Aquila and Priscilla are in Ephesus.

Order: Must come after Cor A (could be a long period) and also after Jerusalem Conference. But should be near other collection letters.

LETTER FROM THESSALONIANS

Alluded to in 1 Thess. 4:9 (4:13?); 5:1.

Contents: Concerning love of brothers; times and seasons; nearness of end.

THESS D

1 Thess 1:1-2:12+4:1-5:28

letter of encouragement

From Philippi or Achaia?? Date?? From Paul Silvanus and Timothy.

Contents: Good response. You were imitators of us; your example known in Macedonia and Achaia. Answers concerning love of brothers, death of saints, times and seasons and Day of Lord. Command this letter be read!

Autobiography: I was mistreated and suffered at Philippi. I am not guilty of impure motives, trickery or deceit. I could have made demands as an Apostle of Christ.

References: Respect those who labor among you.

Travel: none.

Collection/Money: I Worked night and day supported myself so as not to burden you. Admonish idle.

Order: The allusions to apostleship, and the implied charges of trickery and impure motives put this earlier than, but near to, such letters as COR E.

COR C

2 Corinthians 8

administrative letter

Salutations missing. From Macedonia? 49 CE.

Contents: Though Macedonia has been in affliction, it has met test and been generous. So complete the collection in Corinth.

Autobiography: Concerned not to be blaimed.

References: the "brother" who is famouns in all the churches for his preaching; he has been appointed as a delegate for collection. Titus is my partner and co-worker

Collection: Titus has made a beginning of the collection; he should complete it (he is coming of his own accord, along with the brother); you began to give last year, now finish it. It is a question of a fair balance between your abundance and their need.

Travel: Titus and the famous brother are coming; so are the brothers, who are messengers of the churches.

Order: must come after COR B and before COR E, by which time things have gone sour. Must have been written at the same time (or nearly so) as COR D.

COR D

2 Corinthians 9

administrative letter

Salutations missing. From Macedonia? 49 CE.

Contents: Boasting in Macedonia that Achaia has been ready since last year. Paul might be humiliated if some from Macedonia came.

Autobiography: Paul’s boasting about one church in another.

References: provincial setting of churches: Achaia and Macedonia

Collection: Achaia may not be ready yet. This is a voluntary gift, not extortion or compulsion. Give as you are able for the saints.

Travel: The brothers going in advance. Paul is planning to come.

Order: belongs with Cor C

GAL B

Galatians

letter of rebuke

From Ephesus? 49 CE. From Paul and all brethren with him.

Content: Different gospel; some are perverting gospel of Christ. There was an agreement in Jerusalem on a gospel for circumcision and one for uncircumcision. No Jew/Greek; slave/free; male/female Opposition in Galatia involves law and circumcision, but this counter mission is like slavery, it is the present Jerusalem.. Paul could wish they were castrated.

Autobiography: In his earlier life in Judaism, he persecuted church, was advanced, zealous for traditions. At one point he preached circumcision Now the marks of are Jesus branded on his body. He first preached gospel to you because of illness. Letter has Pauline autograph.

References: Churches of Galatia. Cephas and James and John in Jerusalem; Barnabas and Titus associates of Paul’s (Titus not compelled to be circumcised).

Collection: Remember poor.

Travel: Went to Arabia. Damascus. I went up to Jerusalem only after 3 years, to see Cephas and James. Then I went to Syria and Cilicia. Still unknown to Judean churches. After 14 years I went to Jerusalem with Barnabas and Titus. Cephas came to Antioch, and also some from James. Barnabas and others abandoned me.. No immediate travel plans.

Order: Likely to fall in the same period as other letters that reflect intense hostility (PHIL C; COR E; perhaps THESS D)

PHIL C

Philippians 3:1-4:9

letter of warning

Salutation and opening missing. From Ephesus? 49 CE.

Contents: Beware dogs, evil workers, concision. Law. Share suffering. Many enemies of cross. Often told you of them..

Autobiography: circumcised the 8th day, from Israel, tribe of Benjamin, Hebrew, Pharisee, zealous persecutor of church, blameless under law. All this counted loss.

References: Euodia and Syntyche at odds (who worked alongside Paul); hope his "loyal companion" will help. Clement and other co-workers.

Money/Collection: none

Travel: none.

Order: Belongs during period of opposition, when law and circumcision were major issues (cf. GAL, COR E, THESS D)

COR E

2 Corinthians 10-13

Painful letter

Salutations missing. From Ephesus, 50 CE (48?). From Paul.

Contents: Defence of his humility, boldness, strength and weakness. Some commend selves. I have kept within field/limits/spheres of action. Someone teaches a different Gospel; super apostles, false apostles, deceitful; Satan.

Autobiography: Hebrews, Israelite, children of Abraham, servants of Christ (greater labors, more imprisonments, countless floggings, often near death, 5 times 39 lashes, 3 times beaten with rods, once stoned, 3 times shipwrecked, adrift at sea, various dangers. In Damascus, governor of Aretas tried to seize him. Fourteeen years ago caught up to third heaven (conversion? If so letter is dated 48 or so). Was I was crafty, deceitful, did I take advantage?

References: comparisons with Jerusalem apostles, referred to under various guises.

Money: Robbed other churches; got their support; so as not to burden you. Needs were supplied by Macedonia.

Travel: ready to come third time (second visit was a difficult one).Intends to go to lands beyond you I urged Titus and sent the brother with him (cf. Cor C) . I write while away so I will not have to be severe.

Order: Must follow Cor C .and be before Cor F. Culmination of money problems and of the sense of opposition.

COR F

2 Cor 1:1-2:13+7:5-16

letter of reconciliation

Closing sections missing. From Macedonia, 51 CE. Paul and Timothy.

Contents: Consolation. Affliction and suffering in Asia; despair; crushed. Pain, distress, and anguish re Corinth, some of which related to a person. Even in Macedonia I was afflicted in every way. I grieved you with that letter, but now I rejoice over your repentance.

Autobiography: First preaching in Corinth by Silvanus, Timothy and Paul (cf. addresses of 1 & 2 Thess).

References: primarily to Titus. My boast to him has proved true. He is overjoyed as a result of his visit. There are pesonal strains in Corinth. Someone who pained Paul, another (?) one who did wrong, another (?) who was one wronged.

Money/Collection: No explicit references. Perhaps the good news about the collection

Travel: wanted to visit you on way to Macedonia and also on way back—then go to Judea. But I did not come, because I did not want another painful visit. So I went to Troas, then Macedonia. Titus has now arrived with good news. Paul will go to Corinth very soon.

Order: Must follow Cor D. Must also follow Painful visit and Cor E.

How many trips did Titus make? Is this same as Cor C. Or diff trip with diff pupose

ROM

Romans 1-15

explanatory letter

From Corinth, 52 CE. From Paul .

Contents: Known throughout the world. Emphasis is on Judaism, law, oracles, Abraham and Israel. Neither Jew nor Greek, circumcision nor uncircumcision,. All Israel will be saved. Be subject to government, pay taxes (=temple taxes?). Issues of weak/strong; Sabbath, food, meat, drink, wine. Live in harmony/welcome one another.

Autobiography: hardships, distress, persecution, famine, nakedness, peril, sword. (8:35). Israel, kinsmen, covenants.(9:3) cf. 11:1: Israelite, Abraham, Benjamin. I have not built on others’ foundations

References: Macedonian and Achaian churches; Illyricum (no references to churches there); Jerusalem.

Collection: Macedonia and Achaia have shared with saints Will deliver what is collected as offering and obedience of the Gentiles. Pray for my rescue from unbelievers in Judea, and that the gift is acceptable.

Travel: I have wanted to come often but have been prevented., but. I have no further place in this area, so I intend to come to Rome on my way to Spain, after I take the collection to Jerusalem.

Order: Must fall at the end of the collection visit, just prior to leaving for Jerusalem.

EPH

Romans 16

letter of greetings and introduction

Salutationmissing. From Corinth, 52 CE.

Contents: Warnings about dissensions and opposition to (Paul’s?) teaching; some serve own appetites (cf. PHIL C; COR B?). I rejoice over you. Crush Satan under your feet (cf. Cor E?).

Autobiography: nothing.

References: Greetings to Phoebe (from Cenchraea); Prisca & Aquila; Epaenetus, Mary, Andronicus and Junia, Ampliatus, Urbanus and Stachys, Apelles, family of Arisotubulus, Herodion (relative), Narcissus, Tryphaena & Tryphosa, Persis, Rufus & mother; Asyncritus & Phlegon & Hermes & Patrobas & Hermas & others, Philologus & Julia & Nereus & sister & Olympas & saints.

Greeting from: Timothy, Lucius, Jason, Sosipater ( last three are Paul’s relatives), Tertius, Gaius, Eratus, Quartus.

Collection/Money: nothing.

Travel: None.

Order: If it is separate letter, it accompanies a copy of Romans to Ephesus.

COR G

2 Cor 2:14-6:13+7:2-4

letter of personal apologetic

Greetings and closing missing. From Caesarea? 54 CE

Contents: Triumphal procession (=court case?). We are aroma of Christ. Concerned for death, life, suffering. Veil over Moses glory and the old covenant is lifted and gives freedom.. Afflicted but not crushed, perplexed, persecuted, struck down. We do not lose heart. Earthly tent destroyed Not commending selves again. I Often boast about you.

Autobiography: I don’t need a letter of recommendation. Affliction, hardships, calamities, beatings, imprisonment’s, riots, labors, treated as impostor. I have wronged none, taken advantage of none, used no cunning . Sounds as if from prison: all must appear before judgment seat, triumphal procession! I bear in my body death of Jesus. I look at no one from a human point of view. We are ambassadors of Christ.

References; Travel; Money/Collection: nothing

Order: Could be early or late; if it reflects a prison setting it could be from Caesarea?

Table 22: Comparison of standard view and five recent chronologies

Standard

Knox

Jewett

Luedemann

Hurd

Murphy-O'Connor

27

.

.

Crucifixion

.

.

29

.

.

.

.

.

30 Crucifixioin

.

Crucifixion?

Conversion

.

.

31

.

.

Arabia

.

..

32

.

.

.

.

.

33 Conversion

.

Crucifixion?

Jerusalem I

Conversion

Conversion

34 Arabia

Conversion?

Converstion (Oct)

.

Arabia

Arabia, Nabatea

34-37 Damascus

35 Damascus

.

35-37 Arabia & Damascus

Corinth I (Syria, Cilicia, S. Galatia, Europe

.

.

36

.

.

.

.

.

37 Jerusalem I

Mission trip I

Conversion?

Jerusalem I?

37-46 Syria & Cilicia

.

Jerusalem I

Syria, Cilicia, Galatia

Jerusalem I

Syria, Cilicia, Galatia

38 Syria, Cillicia, etc.

38-51 Syria, Cilicia, Galatia, Macedonia, Greece, Asia

Jerusalem I

Mission trip I

.

Philippi, Thessalonica

.

39

.

.

.

Corinth I

Antioch unrest

40

Jerusalem I?

.

.

Illyricum

Barnabas in Antioch

41

Continuation of mission activity (to 51)

.

Claudius' edict

Athens

Claudius' edict

42

.

.

Founding of Galatian church

Antioch incident

.

.

43

.

43-45 Cyprus, Pamphylia, S. Galatia

.

.

.

44

.

.

.

.

.

45

.

.

.

.

Antioch (winter 45-46)

46

.

Mission trip II

N. Galatia, Troas

.

.

46-48 Galatia

47

.

.

Jerusalem II

Jerusalem II

.

48

.

48-49 Philippi

Galatia

Galatia

Corinth II (Painful Visit)

Asia

Macedonia (48-50)

Philippi (winter 48-49)

49 Claudius' edict

Jerusalem II

.

Thessalonica, Beroea, Athens

Corinth II (Painful Visit)

Troas, Macedonia

Macedonia

50 Mission trip II

Syria, Galatia, Greece

.

50-51 Corinth I

Ephesian imprisonment

Jerusalem III

Arrest

Athens

50-51 Corinth I

51 Gallio incident

Jerusalem II

Travel re offering (to 55)

Gallio incident

Jerusalem II (Oct)

Gallio incident

Corinth III

Caesarean imprisonment

Jerusalem II (Oct)

51-52 Antioch

52

.

Mission trip III

N. Galatia

Jerusalem III

.

Galatia

Apollos to Corinth

52-54 Ephesus

Judaizers in Galatia

53 Jerusalem III

Jerusalem III?

53-54 Ephesus

.

.

Ephaphras in Lycus

Ephesian imprisonment

54 Mission trip III

Jerusalem III?

.

.

.

Corinth II

54-55 Macedonia

55

.

Ephesian imprisonment

Asia & Macedonia

.

Festus

Illyricum

55-56 Corinth III

56

.

Illyricum

Corinth II

.

Roman imprisonment

Jerusalem III

Arrest

57

.

Philippi

Jerusalem III

Arrest

57-59 Caesarean imprisonment

.

.

57-61 Jerusalem & Caesaarean imprisonment

58 Jerusalem IV

.

.

.

.

.

59 Caesarean imprisonment

.

Festus

Malta

.

.

.

60

.

60-62 Roman imprisonment

.

.

.

61 Roman imprisonment

.

.

.

.

61-62 Journey to Rome

62

.

Execution

.

.

62-64 Roman imprisonment

63

.

.

.

.

.

64 Execution or release

.

.

.

.

64-66 Spain & Aegean

65

.

.

.

.

.

66

.

.

.

.

.

67

.

.

.

.

Execution (Rome)

External dates	Paul’s life	Paul’s letters	References
.	.	.	.
27	.	.	.
28	.	.	.
29	.	.	.
30 Crucifixion (possible date)	.	.	.
31	.	.	.
32	.	.	.
33 Crucifixion (probable date)	.	.	.
34	Paul's conversion (near Damascus)	.	Gal 1:15-16; Acts 9:1-22
35	Arabia, Nabatea, Damascus (34-37)	.	Gal 1:17
36	.	.	.
37 Aretas IV of Nabatea controls Damascus (37-39) Death of Tiberius	Escape from Damascus Jerusalem visit I after 3 years Syria, Cilicia, Damascus	.	2 Cor 11:32-33 Gal 1:18-19; Acts 9:26-30 Gal 1:21
38	[Cyprus?] Pamphylia, Galatia, Pisidia [Troas]	.	Acts 13 Gal 4:13-14 Acts 14:1-23 Acts 16:6-12
39	PhilippiThessalonica, [Beroea] Gifts to Paul in Thessalonica [Athens]	THESS A (from Beroea?)	Phil 4:15; 1:5; Acts 16:12-401 Thess 2:2,13-15; Acts 16:19-39 Acts 17
40 Caligula & Jerusalem Temple	Corinth visit I (40-42) Letter and gift from Philippi (Epaphroditus)	THESS B (from Corinth) THESS C (from Corinth)	Acts 18; 2 Thess 2:XX Josephus/Philo
41Death of Caligula Claudius’ edict	Epaphras’s mission in the Lycus Valley	Letter from Philippi PHIL A (from Corinth)	Suetonius/Dio
42	Illyricum Apollos in Corinth	COR A (from Illyricum or Macedonia)	Rom 15:19; 1 Thess 3:1
43	Macedonia? Asia? [ Achaia ?] Imprisonment in Ephesus?	PHIL B (from Ephesus)	.
44	Galatia?	COL, PHM, LAOD????	.
45 Jerusalem famine (45-46)	Antioch	.	Gal 2:10
46	.	.	.
47	Jerusalem visit II (14 years) JERUSALEM COUNCIL Troubles in Antioch Troubles in Galatia Cephas in Corinth	.	Gal 2:1-10; Acts 15:2-23 Gal 2:11-14; Acts 15:11 Cor 1:12; 9:5
48	Galatia Ephesus Chloe’s people to Paul Stepahanas, Fortunatus, Achaicus to Paul	Letter from Corinth GAL A (from Ephesus) COR B (from Ephesus) Letter from Thessalonica THESS D (from Asia)	1 Cor 16:11 Cor 16:18,19;1 Cor 7:1, 251 Cor 1:111 Cor 16:17
49	Troubles in Corinth Corinth visit II (Painful) Afflictions in Asia	COR C (from Asia) COR D (from Asia) GAL B (from Asia) PHIL C (from Asia)	2 Cor 2:3-9; 7:8-142 Cor 2:12 Cor 1:8-9
50	Prison in Ephesus/release Ttroas Macedonia	COR E (from Ephesus)	1 Cor 16:7-81 Cor 16:5-6
51 Gallio, governor of Achaia (1 July 50 - 30 June 51)	Corinth visit III (hearing before Gallio)	COR F (from Macedonia) ROM (from Corinth) EPH (with copy of Romans; from Corinth)	.
52	Jerusalem visit III (coll'n) Plans to go to Rome and Spain	.	Rom 15:25-33; 1 Cor 16:4
53	Arrest in Jerusalem Caesarean prison (53-55)	.	Acts 21:17-23:11 Acts 23:12-24:27
54 Death of Claudius	.	COR G (from Caesarea)	.
55 Festus arrives in Caesarea (55 or 56)	Paul appeals to Rome	.	Acts 25:1-26:32
56	Voyage to Rome House arrest (56-58)	.	Acts 27:1-28:10 Acts 28:11-29
57	Execution? Release?	.	Acts 28:30-31
58	.	.	.
59	.	.	.
60	.	.	.
61	.	.	.
62	.	.	.
63	.	.	.
64 Nero’s action against Christians	.	.	.
65	.	.	.
66 Outbreak of Jewish Revolt in Judea	.	.	.
67 Arrival of Vespasian and Titus in Judea	.	.	.
68 Assassination of Nero	.	.	.
69 Year of the four Emperors	.	.	.
70 Fall of Jerusalem	.	.	.

Phil. 3:5-6	2 Cor. 11:22-29	Gal. 1:13-2:1	1 Cor. 9:1-2, 19-23
.	.	.	.
I was circumcised on 8th day	I am Hebrew	I persecuted church violently	I am free
member of Israel	Israelite	tried to destroy it	apostle
tribe of Benjamin	Abraham’s descendant	advanced in Judaism for my age	slave to all
Hebrew of the Hebrews	minister of Christ	zealous for ancestors’ traditions	I became a Jew
re law, a Pharisee	with more labors	God revealed his son to me	I became as under law
re zeal, persecutor of church	more imprisonments	I did not confer with humans	I became as outside law
re righteousness, blameless	countless floggings	I went into Arabia	I became weak
all is loss for Christ’s sake	39 lashes five times	I visited Cephas and James	I became all things to all
.	rods three times	I went to Syria and Cilicia	.
.	stoning once	I went to Jerusalem again	.
.	shipwrecked three times	.	.
.	…I was caught up into Paradise	.	.

Damascus (Acts 9:10)	.	.
Escape (9:25)	.	.
Jerusalem I (9:26)	.	.
Tarsus (9:30)	.	.
[Barnabas to Antioch (11:22])	Antioch (15:30)	Antioch (18:22)
Saul to Antioch (11:26)	.	.
Jerusalem II: relief visit] (11:30)	.	.
Barnabas, Saul, Mark to Antioch (12:25)	.	.
Barnabas, Saul, Mark to Cyprus (13:4)	Barnabas & Mark to Cyprus (15:39)	.
Paul & Barnabas to Perge, Pisidian Antioch (13:13)	Paul & Silas to Syria and Cilicia (15:41)	.
Iconium (13:51)	{	.
Lystra and Derbe (14:6)	{Lystra (16:1)	.
Lystra,, Iconium, Antioch, Perge, Attallia, Antioch (14:21-26)	{Phrygia and Galatia (16:6)	{Galatia and Phrygia (18:23)
Jerusalem III (15:2)	Philippi (16:12)	{
.	Thessalonica (17:1)	{
.	Beroea (17:10)	{see below
.	Athens (17:16)	{
.	Corinth I (18:1)	{
.	Ephesus (18:19)	Ephesus and Asia (19:1, 10)
.	Jerusalem IV (18:22)	[Timothy, Erastus to Macedon (19:22)]
.	.	Macedon, Greece (Corinth II?), Macedon, Philippi (20:1-6)
.	.	Troas, Assos, Lesbos, Samos, Miletus (20:5-16) "we"
.	.	Cos, Rhodes, Patara, Tyre, Ptolemais, Caesarea (21:1-8)
.	.	.
.	.	Jerusalem V (21:15)

.	.	Paul’s Founding Visit to Corinth	1 Cor. 1:4-17; 2:1-5; 3:6-15; 4:15
.	.	Apollos in Corinth	(presupposed in 1 Cor. 1:12, ; 3:6; 4:6)
COR A	[carried by?] 2 Cor. 6:14-7:1	The Previous Letter	(presupposed in 1 Cor. 5:9)
.	.	Chloe's people to Paul [oral reports] quarreling, immorality,	1 Cor 1:11; 5:1
Letter from Corinth. to Paul	[carried by Stephanas et al]	Questions	(alluded to in 1 Cor 7:1, 25; 8:1, etc.). see 1 Cor. 16:17]
.	.	Apollos’s abortive visit to Corinth	(alluded to in 1 Cor. 16:12-13)
COR B	carried by Timothy	1 Cor. 1 - 16	(see 1 Cor 4:17; 16:10; 2 Cor.1:19)
COR C	Titus and brother	2 Cor. 8 (collection)	see 2Cor 12:17-18; 8:16; 1Cor.16:1-4
COR D	Brothers to Corinth	2 Cor. 9 (collection)	see 2 Cor. 9:3, 5; 1Cor. 16:1-4
.	.	Paul’s changed travel plans	(see 2 Cor 1:XX)
.	.	Paul’s Painful Visit	(2 Cor 2:1-2; 13:2)
COR E	carried by Titus	2 Cor. 10 - 13 = The Painful or Severe Letter	2 Cor. 2:1-11; 7:6-16)
.	.	Paul’s goes to Troas and Macedonia	(2 Cor. XXX)
.	.	Titus meets Paul in Macedonia with good news	(2 Cor. 2:13; 7:6)
.	.	Apollos in Corinth?	2 Cor. 3:1-3?????
COR F	carried by Titus? Timothy?	A Letter of Appeal: 2 Cor. 2:14-6:13 + 7:2-4	.
COR G	carried by ?	The Reconciliation Letter: 2 Cor.1:1-2:13+7:5-16	.
.	.	Paul’s Third Visit (still in prospect) to Corinth	2 Cor 12:14; 13:1
ROM/EPH	.	Writes letter to Rome, with copy to Ephesus	.
.	.	Arrest and imprisonment?	.
.	.	Hearing before Gallio and release	.

I	1:1-2	.	Salutation
.	1:3-11	.	Thanksgiving
.	1:12 - 2:30	.	Body
.	.	1:12-18	Body opening
.	.	1:19-2:18	Body middle
.	.	2:19-30	Body closing (Apostolic parousia)
.	3:1a-	.	Beginning of paraenesis (to loipon, "for the rest"; cf. 2 Cor 13:11; 1 Thess. 4:1; 2 Thess. 3:1)
II	3:1b-21	.	Body
.	.	3:1b-16	Body middle ?
.	.	3:17-21	Body closing (Apostolic parousia, here imitation)
.	4:1-6	.	Paraenesis (note how 4:4 duplicates 3:1a)
.	4:7	.	Peace wish (part of conclusion)
III	4:8-9a	.	Paraenesis
.	4:9b	.	Peace wish
IV	4:10-14	.	Body of a letter of thanks
.	4:15-18	.	Body closing
.	4:19	..	Closing greeting (?)
.	4:20	.	Closing doxology
V	4:21-23	.	Concluding greetings
.	.	.	.

Body	/open	/middle	/close	Paraenesis	Peace wish	Conclusion
.	.	.	.	.	.	.
1:12 - 2:30	1:12-18	1:19-2:18	2:19-30	3:1a -	.	.
3:1b-21	.	3:1b-16	3:17-21	4:1-6	4:7	.
.	.	.	.	4:8-9a	4:9b	.
4:10-18	.	.	4:15-18	.	.	4:19, 4:20
.	.	.	.	.	.	4:21-23

Letter of praise	1:1-3:1a	lacking most of the paraenesis and conclusion
Letter of thanks for contribution	4:10-20	lacking only its salutation
Letter of warning, with apologetic	3:1b-4:9	lacking salutation

Marxsen	Preferred alternative
.	.
Phil A = 4:10-20	Phil A = 4:10-20
Phil B = 1:1 - 3:1, plus 4:4--7, 21-23	Phil B = 1:1 - 3:1a [missing] plus 4:21-23
Phil C = 3:2 -4:3, 8-9	Phil C = 3:1b - 4:7 (plus 8-9 ?)

2 Thess. 2:13-3:5	a letter requesting prayer	=THESS A
1 Thess. 2:13-3:13	a letter of travel plans	=THESS B
2 Thess. 1:1-2:12, plus 3:6-18	a letter of warning	=THESS C
1 Thess. 1:1-2:12, plus 4:1-5:28	a letter of instruction	=THESS D

.	A	B	C	D
.	.	.	.	.
Founding visit	2:13-15	2:13-14	1:3 (growing)	1:2-10 (reference to a second visit?) 4:2-8
Travel plans	none	217-20;3:1-10	none	2:1-8 (second visit?)
Other contacts	2:15	.	we hear, 3:11; 3:17	4:9 Thessalonian letter to Paul
Work	none	none	3:6-13	2:9-12!; 4:11-12; 5:14
End	.	2:16b	1:5-2:11	4:13-5:11
Troubles	3:1-5	2:14-16	1:1-6	.

.	Paul’s founding visit
.	visit by Timothy (1 Thess. 3:1-2)
THESS A	a letter requesting prayer for success
THESS B	Paul’s travel plans
.	Paul’s second visit (?)
.	Thessalonian troubles
THESS C	with warnings, rebuke and discussion of end
.	Letter from the Thessalonians
THESS D	.

.	.	Paul’s founding visit to Philippi	.
.	.	Paul’s founding visit to Thessalonica	.
.	.	[Paul’s founding visit to Beroea?]	.
THESS A	2 Thess. 2:13-3:5	Requesting prayer	from Beroea?
Letter to Thessalonica	.	support for Paul	letter and gift from Philippi
Letter 2 to Thessalonica	.	support for Paul	letter and gift from Philippi (Phil 4:16)
THESS B	1 Thess 2:13-3:13	Letter of travel plans)	carried by Timothy from Athens
Letter to Corinth	.	support for Paul	letter and gift from Philippi carried by Epaphroditus (Phil 4:18)
THESS C	2 Thess. 1:1-2:12, plus 3:6-18	letter of warning, rebuke and discussion of end	.
Letter from Thessalonians	.	concerning love of brethren, death, and the end	1 Thess 4:9, 13; 5:1
PHIL A	Phil 4:10-20	letter of thanks	from Paul in Corinth?
.	.	Epaphroditus ill in Ephesus? in Corinth?	.
.	.	[Jerusalem Conference]	.
.	.	Opposition and trouble in Ephesus	.
PHIL B	Phil 1:1-3:1a+?	.	from Paul & Timothy in prison, probably from Ephesus (carried by Epaphroditus?)
.	.	Timothy will go soon to Macedonia (he will wait to see how imprisonment turns out)	.
.	.	Paul plan to go to Macedonia soon, then Corinth; may spend winter in Corinth	(COR B from Ephesus, before Pentecost)
.	.	Titius will go to Corinth with the famous brother (and the brothers)	(COR C)
.	.	The brothers will go to Achaia, though Paul plans to go to Corinth too	(COR D)
.	.	Affliction Macedonia	.
THESS D	1 Thess. 1:1-2:12, plus 4:1-5:28,	letter of instruction	.
.	.	Troubles between Euodia and Syntyche in Philippi	.
PHIL C	Philippians 3:1-4:9	.	from Ephesus; Paul’s "loyal companion " will help smooth problems
.	.	Jerusalem delegates in region checking on Jerusalem agreement	.
.	.	Paul arrives in Philippi from Troas	.
.	.	About to go to Corinth for third time, insisting he kept within his sphere of action and that Macedonia met his needs	Writes COR E (2 Corinthians 10-13) from Macedonia
.	.	Paul moves on to Thessalonica	.
.	.	Paul and Timothy going to Corinth and Achaia (though Paul had wanted to visit Corinth on his way to Macedonia and also on the way back; he changed plans because he did not want to make another painful visit). So he went to Troas, then Macedonia, then he will go to Corinth and then to Judea.	Writes COR F (2 Cor 1:1-2:13+7:5-16) from Macedonia (perhaps Thessalonica) in a depressed mood, feeling afflicted in every way
.	.	Titus arrives in Macedonia with good news about Corinth.	.
.	.	Paul leaves Macedonia for Corinth	.
.	.	Macedonia and Ahaia have shared in the collection; now has no further place in east.	will go to Jerusalem to deliver gift (pray for rescue from unbelievers in Judea and that gift is acceptable (ROM)
.	.	Returns from Corinth and Achaia to Macedonia, then leaves for Troas, where he meets collectioin representatives	.

Colossians	Laodicea and Hierapolis	Philemon
.	.	.
from Paul and Timothy	[from Paul (and Timothy?)]	from Paul and Timothy
Read Laodiceans also	Read Colossians	to Philemon, Apphia, Archippus & church
carried by Tychicus (Col. 4:7)& Onesimus (one of you)	carried by ?	carried by Onesimus
in prison (Col. 4:4) Aristarchus in prison (4:10)	.	in prison (Phm 9) Aristarchus greets you (now out of prison)
Mark (may come) Jesus Justus	.	Mark greets you
Epaphras (worked hard)	Epaphras worked hard for both	Epaphras greets you (in prison now, 23)
Luke Demas	.	Luke greets you Demas greets you
not a Pauline church (Col. 1:3, 9)	not Pauline (Col 2:1)	"you owe me even your own self" (19)
founded by Epaphras (1:7)	probably founded by Epaphras	.
Greet Nympha and church in her house	.	[no other greetings]
Tell Archippus to complete task	.	prepare a guest room, hoping to visit

7	letters to the Corinthians
4	letters to the Thessalonians
3	letters to the Philippians
1	letter to the Romans
1	letter to the Ephesians (= Rom. 16)
2	letters to the Galatians
1	letter to Philemon
1	letter to the Colossians
1	letter to the Laodiceans

Allusions to self-support	.	.
.	Thessalonians C	2 Thess. 3:6-13 (some Thessalonians not working; Paul works to support himself)
.	Thessalonians D	1 Thess. 2:9-12; 4:11-12; 5:14 (Paul's/others'(?) self-support)
.	Corinthians B	1 Cor. 9:3-7 (defends practice of self support and no church support but claims right)
Allusions to church support of Paul or others	.	.
.	Philippians A	Phil. 4:10-20 (thanks for their support for him)
.	Corinthians B	1 Cor. 9:3-7 (claims right of church support; different practice of brothers of Lord and Cephas)
.	.	1 Cor. 9:12b-18 (analogy of Temple priests; cites word of Lord)
Jerusalem Council: "remember the poor"	.	.
Instructions for (or description of) collection	.	.
.	Galatians A	a letter with instructions on how to take up the collection (1 Cor. 16:1)
.	Galatians B	Gal. 2:10, origins of collection, but no reference to a collection in Galatia
.	Corinthians B	1 Cor. 16:1-4 (collection; may go to Jerusalem with it)
.	Corinthians C	2 Cor. 8:1-24 (collection letter: to Corinth; get working.Macedonian generosity)
.	Corinthians D	2 Cor. 9:1-15 (collection letter: Achaia was ready; still ready? but Macedonians might not finish)
.	Corinthians E	2 Cor. 11:7-11 (Corinthian anger over support from Macedonians)
.	.	2 Cor. 12:16-18 (? possible allusion)
.	Corinthians F	2 Cor. 7:13b-16 (? possible allusion; reconciliation)
.	Romans	Rom. 15:25-32 (leaving with the collection from Macedonia, Achaia [not Corinth, Galatia, Asia?])
No references	.	.
.	Thessalonians A	.
.	Thessalonians B	.
.	Philippians B	.
.	Philippians C	.
.	Philemon	.
.	Colossians	.
.	[Laodiceans?]	.

.	References	Jewett	MOC	Date
.	.	.	.	.
Crucifixion of Jesus	Gospels	30	30	33
Aretas IV’s (of Nabatea) control over Damascus	2 Cor 11:32-33	37-39	37	37
Caligula’s plan to put his statue in the Temple in Jerusalem	2 Thess. 2:4	.	.	40
Edict of Claudius expelling Jews and Christians from Rome	Suetonius & Dio	49	49	41
Famine in Judea, giving rise to the collection	Gal. 2:10; Rom. 15:225-27; etc	.	.	45/46
Gallio’s term as proconsul in Corinth	Acts 18:12	1 July 51-30 June 52	1 July 51-30 June 52	1 July 51-30 June 52
Festus’s arrival in Caesarea as prefect	Acts 25:1	59-60	59-60 [55-56?]	55?

Standard	Knox	Jewett	Luedemann	Hurd	Murphy-O'Connor
27	.	.	Crucifixion	.	.
29	.	.	.	.	.
30 Crucifixioin	.	Crucifixion?	Conversion	.	.
31	.	.	Arabia	.	..
32	.	.	.	.	.
33 Conversion	.	Crucifixion?	Jerusalem I	Conversion	Conversion
34 Arabia	Conversion?	Converstion (Oct)	.	Arabia	Arabia, Nabatea 34-37 Damascus
35 Damascus	.	35-37 Arabia & Damascus	Corinth I (Syria, Cilicia, S. Galatia, Europe	.	.
36	.	.	.	.	.
37 Jerusalem I Mission trip I	Conversion? Jerusalem I?	37-46 Syria & Cilicia	.	Jerusalem I Syria, Cilicia, Galatia	Jerusalem I Syria, Cilicia, Galatia
38 Syria, Cillicia, etc.	38-51 Syria, Cilicia, Galatia, Macedonia, Greece, Asia	Jerusalem I Mission trip I	.	Philippi, Thessalonica	.
39	.	.	.	Corinth I	Antioch unrest
40	Jerusalem I?	.	.	Illyricum	Barnabas in Antioch
41	Continuation of mission activity (to 51)	.	Claudius' edict	Athens	Claudius' edict
42	.	.	Founding of Galatian church Antioch incident	.	.
43	.	43-45 Cyprus, Pamphylia, S. Galatia	.	.	.
44	.	.	.	.	.
45	.	.	.	.	Antioch (winter 45-46)
46	.	Mission trip II N. Galatia, Troas	.	.	46-48 Galatia
47	.	.	Jerusalem II	Jerusalem II	.
48	.	48-49 Philippi	Galatia	Galatia Corinth II (Painful Visit) Asia	Macedonia (48-50) Philippi (winter 48-49)
49 Claudius' edict Jerusalem II	.	Thessalonica, Beroea, Athens	Corinth II (Painful Visit)	Troas, Macedonia	Macedonia
50 Mission trip II Syria, Galatia, Greece	.	50-51 Corinth I	Ephesian imprisonment	Jerusalem III Arrest	Athens 50-51 Corinth I
51 Gallio incident	Jerusalem II Travel re offering (to 55)	Gallio incident Jerusalem II (Oct)	Gallio incident Corinth III	Caesarean imprisonment	Jerusalem II (Oct) 51-52 Antioch
52	.	Mission trip III N. Galatia	Jerusalem III	.	Galatia Apollos to Corinth 52-54 Ephesus Judaizers in Galatia
53 Jerusalem III	Jerusalem III?	53-54 Ephesus	.	.	Ephaphras in Lycus Ephesian imprisonment
54 Mission trip III	Jerusalem III?	.	.	.	Corinth II 54-55 Macedonia
55	.	Ephesian imprisonment Asia & Macedonia	.	Festus	Illyricum 55-56 Corinth III
56	.	Illyricum Corinth II	.	Roman imprisonment	Jerusalem III Arrest
57	.	Philippi Jerusalem III Arrest 57-59 Caesarean imprisonment	.	.	57-61 Jerusalem & Caesaarean imprisonment
58 Jerusalem IV	.	.	.	.	.
59 Caesarean imprisonment	.	Festus Malta	.	.	.
60	.	60-62 Roman imprisonment	.	.	.
61 Roman imprisonment	.	.	.	.	61-62 Journey to Rome
62	.	Execution	.	.	62-64 Roman imprisonment
63	.	.	.	.	.
64 Execution or release	.	.	.	.	64-66 Spain & Aegean
65	.	.	.	.	.
66	.	.	.	.	.
67	.	.	.	.	Execution (Rome)