"Small Town in the Internet Society: Chapleau Is No Longer an Island." (Jessica L. Collins and Barry Wellman). We analyze the impact of new digital media on the residents of Chapleau, a remote rural Northern Ontario town. Like urban situations, broadband email facilitates communication with friends and relatives who live both locally and far away. Unlike urban situations, mobile phones are rarely used locally: they are for trips outside of town. Broadband use has aided health-care, shopping and information gathering. Indeed, it is the increased connectivity to the outside that stands out, making Chapleau much less of an "island".
[American Behavioral Scientist, 53 (9): in press, 2010. DOI:10.1177/0002764210361689]

"Statistical Profiles: East York 1981-2005 and Chapleau 2001"(Sarah Gram, Barry Wellman and Julie Amoroso). This report uses census data and NetLab survey statistics to profile East York and Chapleau at approximately the time of our research and interviews for the second (1979) and third (2004-2005) East York studies. These profiles are intended to be introductions to the characteristics of two areas studied by NetLab’s Connected Lives projects: the area of East York in metropolitan Toronto and the northern Ontario town of Chapleau. The information in this profile is drawn from Canadian censuses as well as from the data collected by the Connected Lives project. These profiles compare East York at two points in time, when they were studied by NetLab in the late 1970s and again in 2004-2005. It also compares contemporary East York with Chapleau.

"Charting Digital Divides: Comparing Socioeconomic, Gender, Life Stage, and Rural-Urban Internet Access and Use in Five Countries." (Wenhong Chen and Barry Wellman). Comparing Socioeconomic, Gender, Life Stage, and Rural-Urban Internet Access and Use in Five Countries -- U.S., U.K., Germany, Italy, Japan, Korea, China and Mexico.
[Pp. 467-97 in Transforming Enterprise, edited by William Dutton, Brian Kahin, Ramon O'Callaghan and Andrew Wyckoff. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.,2005]

"Correlates of the Digital Divide: Individual, Household and Spatial Variation" (With Eric Fong, Melissa Kew, and Rima Wilkes). Reviews research literature about the socioeconomic, gender, life-course, ethnic and linguistic nature of who in North America uses personal computers and the Internet. Includes new statistical analyses of American and Canadian research.
[Report to Office of Learning Technologies, Human Resources Development Canada, June 2001.]

"Minding the Cyber-Gap: The Internet and Social Inequality." (Wenhong Chen and Barry Wellman). The primary goal of this chapter is to evaluate and synthesize literature on the relation of the internet and social inequality since the earlier 1990s. In the first part of this chapter, we look at how various forms of social inequality affect uneven access and use of the internet and develop a framework to analyze systematically how technological and social factors affect both access and use of the internet. We argue that the digital divide is not a binary yes/no question of whether the basic physical access to the internet is available because access does not equal use, and we show how the digital divide is shaped by social factors as much as by technological factors. In the second section, we explore the internet's impact on individuals, communities, and countries. We assess three scenarios common in the existing literature: equalization, amplification, and transformation. We argue for a transformation scenario that emphasizes the social embeddedness of technologies and their social impacts. In the third section, we review literature on how to narrow the digital divide in disadvantaged communities.
[Chapter prepared for Blackwell Companion to Social Inequalities, edited by Mary Romero and Eric Margolis, Oxford: Blackwell, 2005.]

"The Global Digital Divide - Within and Between Countries" (Wenhong Chen and Barry Wellman).The diffusion of the Internet (and its accompanying digital divides) has occurred at the intersection of both international and within-country differences in socioeconomic, technological and linguistic factors. Telecommunications policies, infrastructures and education are prerequisites for marginalized ommunities to participate in the information age. High costs, English language dominance, the lack of relevant content, and the lack of technological support are barriers for disadvantaged communities using computers and the Internet.
[IT & Society, 1(7) Spring/Summer 2004, pp. 39-45.]

"An Electronic Group is Virtually a Social Network"Compares network and group models of community and work.

"Changing Connectivity: A Future History of Y2.03K"i> How the possible shape of things to come in computer mediated communication may affect social interaction and the network society. "Physical Place and Cyber Place" (below) continues this story.
[Sociological Research Online 4, 4, February 2000 Online here.]

"Computer Networks As Social Networks"Review article about how social networks affect (a) the Internet in everyday life and (b) knowledge management in complex organizations

"Computer Networks as Social Networks: Virtual Community, Computer Supported Cooperative Work and Telework" (with Janet Salaff, Dimitrina Dimitrova, Laura Garton, Milena Gulia and Caroline Haythornthwaite).Review article about virtual community, computer-supported cooperative work, and telework.

"Designing the Internet for a Networked Society" [Communications of the ACM (Association for Computing Machinery), 45, 5 (May 2002), pp. 91-96.]

"Examining the Internet in Everyday Life" (with Anabel Quan-Haase, Jeffrey Boase, and Wenhong Chen). Keynote address (given by Barry Wellman) to the Euricom Conference on e-Democracy. Nijmegen, Netherlands. October 2002.

"How Does the Internet Affect Social Capital?"
(with Anabel Quan-Haase),We use data from a variety of recent surveys to examine the interplay between social capital and the Internet.

"Living Networked in a Wired World" A short review of how the social affordances of email affect work and community interaction.

"Living Networked On and Off Line" (with Keith Hampton).

"Net Surfers Don't Ride Alone: Virtual Community as Community" (with Milena Gulia).Argues that community sociology's lore can help inform the study of virtual community.

"Personal Relationships: On and Off the Internet" (Jeffrey Boase and Barry Wellman).This chapter discusses the role of the internet in personal relationships. It starts with a brief description of the socially relevant characteristics of internet technology and a summary of the debate between utopian and dystopian accounts of internet use on personal relationships. Research that examines the internet’s role in facilitating communication between family and friends, forming new social ties and neighboring relations shows that the internet is neither destroying nor radically altering society for the better. They suggest that the interpersonal patterns associated with internet use are the continuations of a shift in the nature of personal networks that began well before the advent of the internet. This shift toward “networked individualism” involves the transition from spatially proximate and densely-knit communities in which people belong to more spatially dispersed and sparsely-knit personal networks in which people maneuver.

"Physical Place and Cyber Place: The Rise of Personalized Networking" Reviews the implications of technological changes in computer-mediated interaction for changes in the network society, especially personalization. Continues the story of "Changing Connectivity" (above).
[International Journal of Urban and Regional Research 25, 2 (2001): 227-52.]

"Studying Online Social Networks" (with Laura Garton and Caroline Haythornthwaite).How to use social network analysis to study computer supported cooperative work and communty.

"The Immanent Internet" (with Bernie Hogan).The internet has descended from the ethereal firmament to become immanent in everyday life. The stand-alone capital-I “Internet” became the more widespread and complex small-i “internet”. The internet has become intertwined with a larger paradigm shift in how people are connected: from relatively homogenous, broadly-embracing, densely-knit, and tightly-bounded groups to more heterogeneous, specialized, sparsely-knit, and loosely-bounded social networks. Although the transformation began in the pre-internet 1960s, the proliferation of the internet both reflects and further facilitates this shift in social organization to networked individualism.
[Pp. 54-80 in Netting Citizens: Exploring Citizenship in a Digital Age, edited by Johnston McKay. Edinburgh: St. Andrew Press, 2004.]

"The Immanent Internet Redux " (with Bernie Hogan).Interaction on the Internet has never been completely divorced from offline interaction. Nevertheless, myths of a transcendent Internet emerged, and persist to this day. We review these myths, and the perennial moral panics that they engender. We do not deny the Internet’s capacity to link people across time, space and social location. However, we assert that technological trends on the Internet do not move it away from offline life, or more realistically stated, everyday life. Instead, the trend is towards increased involvement of the Internet in mundane affairs. In the seven years since the publication of our original “The Immanent Internet” article, this trend has intensified with no sign of abating. The broad diffusion of social network sites with real identities, political and charitable mobilization online, and location-based services, alongside the increasing sophistication of search technologies serve only to reinforce and strengthen this claim. Throughout this article we indicate how spiritual metaphors have resonated with the myth of a transcendent Internet. The immanent internet provides a technological means for social connection, including both broad interfaith communication and narrowly focused ideological echo-chambers.
[Pp. 43-62 in Digital Religion, Social Media and Culture: Perspectives, Practices and Futures, edited by Pauline Hope Cheong, Peter Fischer-Nielsen, Stefan Gelfgren and Charles Ess. Bern, Switz: Peter Lang, 2012.]

"The Internet in Everyday Life" (Barry Wellman and Bernie Hogan). The increasing presence of the Internet in everyday lives has created important issues about what it means for access to resources, social interaction, and commitment to groups, organizations and communities. This brief article discusses how the use of the Internet affects traditional social and communal behaviors, such as communication with local family and commitment to geographical communities.
[Pp. 389-97 in the Berkshire Encyclopedia of Human-Computer Interaction, edited by William Sims Bainbridge. Great Barrington, MA: Berkshire Publishing, 2004.]

"The Networked Nature of Community Online and Offline" (with Jeffrey Boase and Wenhong Chen). This paper summarizes the recent works of NetLab studying the Internet in everyday life.

"The Persistence and Transformation of Community: From Neighbourhood Groups to Social Networks" Reviews different conceptions of community, the transformation of community into spatially-dispersed social networks, and how the Internet is affecting community on and offline.

"The Social Affordances of the Internet for Networked Individualism." (Barry Wellman, Anabel Quan-Haase, Jeffrey Boase, Wenhong Chen, Keith
Hampton, Isabel Diaz de Isla and Kakuko Miyata).

"Studying Internet Studies Through the Ages." In two decades, social studies of the Internet have gone from utopian hype and dystopian fear, to documentating the shape of the Internet, to theoretically-informed analyses that are often embedded in larger debates within disciplines.

In 1998, NetLab's Barry Wellman, Keith Hampton and a team of American scholars worked with the National Geographic Society to do a web survey of visitors to their web site. (James Witte [Clemson University] was the Principal Investigator.) Although the sampling was not random, this was the first very large, international study of web users.

"Capitalizing on the Internet: Network Capital, Participatory Capital, and Sense of Community" (Anabel Quan Hasse, Barry Wellman, James Witte and Keith Hampton).
[Pp.291-324 in The Internet in Everyday Life, edited by Barry Wellman and Caroline Haythornthwaite. Oxford: Blackwell. 2002.]

"Gendering the Digital Divide" (Tracy Kennedy, Barry Wellman, Kristine Klement).Gender pervades how people use the Internet. Three large North American national surveys are used to compare women’s Internet use with men. Consistent with the earlier literature on gender roles, they show that women use the Internet more for social reasons, while men use it more for instrumental and solo recreational reasons. Caregiving for children at home limits mothers more than fathers in the use they make of the Internet.]

"“Y-a-t-il du territoire dans le cyberspace? Usages et usagers des lieux d’accès publics à Internet.”[Is There a Place in Cyberspace: The Uses and Users of Public Internet Terminals]" (with Wenhong Chen, Jeffrey Boase and Monica Prijatelj).We compare the users and uses of the Internet according to the places where they access it, paying especially attention to public terminal users. We find that the users of public terminals are more apt to be younger, single and newbies. They make somewhat less social use of the Internet and somewhat more recreational use. However, the differences between public terminal users, and work, home and school users are generally not substantial.

"The Global Villagers: Comparing Internet Users and Uses Around the World" (with Wenhong Chen and Jeffrey Boase).

"Tracking Geekus Unixus: An Explorers' Report from the National Geographic Website" (with Thomas Chmielewski).Compares the demographic, behavioral and attitudinal characteristics of Unix users with normal people.

"Netville" was Canada's first wired suburb, and one of the first in the world. In the 1990s, many of Netville's residents had extremely high-speed, always-on Internet service when almost all others had slow-speed, intermittant dial-up service. As Netville is a suburb of Toronto, then doctoral student Keith Hampton was able to live there as a participant-observer for well over a year. In addition, Hampton and Barry Wellman surveyed almost all Netville residents. As the telephone company was unable to connect every household to the high-speed network, we had an opportunity to compare "wired" and "non-wired" Netville residents.

"Examining Community in the Digital Neighbourhood: Early Results from Canada's Wired Suburb" (with Keith Hampton).Preliminary account of local interaction in a leading-edge wired suburb. See "Netville ..." below for research design.

"Grieving For a Lost Network: Collective Action in a Wired Suburb" (By Keith Hampton.)

"Living the Wired Life in the Wired Suburb: Netville, Glocalization and Civil Society" By Keith Hampton.

"Long Distance Community in the Network Society: Contact and Support Beyond Netville" (With Keith Hampton).

"Neighboring in Netville: How the Internet Supports Community and Social Capital in a Wired Suburb" (With Keith Hampton).What is the Internet doing to local community? Analysts have debated about whether the Internet is weakening community by leading people away from meaningful in-person contact; transforming community by creating new forms of community online; or enhancing community by adding a new means of connecting with existing relationships. They have been especially concerned that the globe-spanning capabilities of the Internet would limit local involvements. Survey and ethnographic data from a “wired suburb” near Toronto shows that high-speed, always-on access to the Internet, coupled with a local online discussion group, transforms and enhances neighboring. The Internet especially supports increased contact with weaker ties. In comparison to non-wired residents of the same suburb, more neighbors are known and chatted with, and they are more geographically dispersed around the suburb. Not only did the Internet support neighboring, it also facilitated discussion and mobilization around local issues.

"Netville On-Line and Off-Line: Observing and Surveying a Wired Suburb" (with Keith Hampton).Documents the research design and information collection of studying a leading-edge wired suburb. See "Examining ..." above for preliminary data.

"Pew Report: The Strength of Internet Ties" (Jeffrey Boase, John B. Horrigan, Barry Wellman and Lee Rainie).The internet and email aid users in maintaining their social networks and provide pathways to help when people face big decisions. The internet and email expand and strengthen the social ties that people maintain in the offline world, according to a new report released today by the Pew Internet & American Life Project. One major payoff comes when people use the internet to press their social networks into action as they face major challenges. People not only socialize online, but they also incorporate the internet into their quest for information and advice as they seek help and make decisions.

                                 
                                 

The Internet in Everyday Life Barry Wellman and Caroline Haythornthweait, eds. Oxford: Blackwell. 2002, November 2002. 588 pages. ISBN: 0-631-23508-6 Price: USD $27.95; Euros 20.36; CdnD $44.09; British Pounds ?7.95

The Internet in Everyday Life brings together pioneering studies that systematically investigate how being online fits into everyday lives. Until now, the Internet has been treated and discussed as detached from daily life, occupying some separate sphere of social endeavor. This collection of original articles from leading scholars in North America, Asia, and Europe moves discussion of the Internet closer to home, showing how the Internet does not exist "out there" but is instead an integral part of daily work and home life. Contributors show who is on the Internet and what they are doing there. They debate whether the Internet adds to or detracts from the well being of individuals, communities, and societies. They demonstrate how the Internet affects friendship, social capital, social support, civic involvement, school, work, and shopping. They reveal the extent to which the Internet is supporting new forms of human relationships, and describe what gets dropped and strained when Internet hours are added to already full schedules. The book goes beyond speculation to provide solid findings. Surveys, interviews, and field observations inform analyses of behavior on and with the Internet. Taken as a whole, this body of evidence should raise the level of debate about the impact of the Internet and raises serious questions about the popular myth that Internet use increases social alienation.
Click here for more about the book

Networks in the Global Village: Table of Contents

Edited by Barry Wellman.Networks in the Global Village examines how people live through personal communities: their networks of friends, neighbors, relatives, and coworkers. It is the first book to compare the communities of people around the world. Major social differences between and within the First, Second, and Third Worlds affect the opportunities and insecurities with which individuals and households must deal, the supportive resources they seek, and the ways in which markets, institutions, and networks structure access to these resources. Each article written by a resident shows how living in a country affects the ways in which people use networks to access resources.

Review of The Internet in Everyday Life by Mary Chayko.

The Internet in Everyday Life: Table of Contents Edited by Barry Wellman and Caroline Haythornthwaite. .

Introduction to The Internet in Everyday Life By Caroline Haythornthwaite and Barry Wellman.

The Network Society in Catalonia (La Societat Xarza a Catalunya) Manuel Castells, Imma Tubella, Teresa Sancho, Maria Isabel Diaz de Isla and Barry Wellman. Barcelona: Random House Mondadori, 2003.

This book -- in the Catalan language -- describes and analyzes the Catalan society in the age of the Internet. It analyzes Internet uses and their relationship to social and communication practices within the framework of the social structure and social practices of the whole Catalan population. Analyses are based on an in-person survey of a sample of 3,005 persons representative of the population of Catalonia. The survey included both
Internet users and non-users, allowing comparison of the specific effect of the Internet uses on social practices. The book is an x-ray of the entire Catalan society in its differential relationship to the organizational methods and social relationship characteristics of the new technological and cultural context of the network society.

Among the issues discussed about this society in transition are Catalan identity and social structure, Catalan-Spanish bilingualism, Catalan relationships with kin and friends, social and political mobility, cultural matters, the uses and users of the Internet at work, home and school, and personal autonomy in the collectivity.

"Cell Phone Nation" Barry Wellman was the principal guest on the US National Public Radio (NPR) show, "On Point" Tuesday, Nov 25, 2003, 8-9 PM. Wellman argued that the merging of cell and wired phone numbers was part of the transition from people functioning in tightly-knit bounded groups to functioning in sparsely-knit, less-bounded social networks. He noted that many household members keep individual schedules rather than being together as families. Similarly, many employees move among multiple work teams rather than being part of a single work group. Such situations call for the individualized connectivity provided by cellphones, PCs (which pioneered individual logons), and Blackberries. For example, truck drivers and taxi drivers value being able to connect with loved ones and coworkers throughout the day.

"Connected Lives: The Project" (Barry Wellman and Bernie Hogan and Kristen Berg, Jeffrey Boase, Juan-Antonio Carrasco, Rochelle Côté, Jennifer Kayahara, Tracy L. M. Kennedy and Phuoc Tran).

"Little Boxes, Glocalization, Networked Individualism"These slides integrate two lectures by Barry Wellman presenting some of NetLab's research studying the rise of networked individualism in the community and at work to the Digital Cities Conference in Kyoto October 2001 and to a joint meeting of the NTT Communication Sciences Laboratories and the IEEE-Kyoto section.

NOTE: The Powerpoint version of this file is in HTML - use the index to the left to switch between slides. Use Internet Explorer -- not Netscape -- to open in the page.

"Living Networked in a Wired World" A lengthy set of slides that argues the development of networked individualism and documents this with summaries of our group's research projects studying computer-supported community and work: the wired suburb, the National Geographic study, smaller community case studies, networked and virtual organizations (scholarly networks), telework.

NOTE: The Powerpoint version of this file is in HTML - use the index to the left to switch between slides. Use Internet Explorer -- not Netscape -- to open in the page.

"Networking Trust" (Barry Wellman).Includes information on the principles and social network analysis plus a case study, "Hyperconnected Net Work" (joint with Anabel Quan-Haase of a heavily email and IM using organization).]

"The Internet In Everyday Life" Eighty Nine slides integrating NetLab's research since the 1960s, with special emphasis on five debates about how email (and other Internet technologies) is affecting community.
[From Prof. Wellman's inaugural lecture as S.D. Clark Chair of Sociology, October 24, 2006. Video of presentation available here.]

"The Internet and Networked Individualism" (Barry Wellman). An April 2003 video lecture by Barry Wellman to the Lustrum celebrating the 75th anniversary of the University of Tilburg, Netherlands. Wellman presents his ideas about the turn from Place-to-Place to Person-to-Person connectivity, and supplies a variety of data from NetLab research to illustrate his contentions.

"Context and Intent in Call Processing" (Tom Gray, Ramiro Liscano, Barry Wellman, Anabel Quan-Haase, T. Radhakrishnan, and Yongseok Choi). This article summarizes the collaborative work done by Barry Wellman and Anabel Quan-Haase at NetLab with the Strategic Technology Group of Mitel Networks, headed by Tom Gray and Ramiro Liscano until December 2003. It discusses the issues involved in building personalized computer-supported communication systems, with especial concern to developing rules for prioritizing messages.
[Pp. 177-84 in Feature Interactions in Telecommunications and Software Systems VII, edited by Daniel Amyot and Luigi Logrippo. Amsterdam: IOS Press: 2003.]

"Escape From the Fishbowl? Office Workers Go Virtual" (With Janet W. Salaff, Arent Greve, Dimitrina Dimitrova and Jeff Boase) We study the work relations of teleworkers at a high-tech organization. How does computer mediated communication integrate with in-person and telephone communication to organize work. We contrast the exchange of information in two work communities, one with bounded (fishbowl) and one with unbounded (fishnet) relationships.

"From the Computerization Movement to Computerization:A Case Study of a Community of Practice" By Anabel Quan-Haase and Barry Wellman.We find mixed results when assessing how the expectations of the computerization movement fit with our case study of a high-tech organization that is heavily computerized. In the organization, "internetworking technologies" are the main local - as well as global - means of communication. We find that hyperconnectivity fosters collaboration, community of practice, and commitment to the organization. Yet the evidence only partially supports the "death of distance" and "democratization technological action" frames of Rob Kling and associates. The organization is a local virtuality, with email and instant messaging primarily supporting local, within-department connectivity. The organization remains a hierarchy, although extensive networking occurs within organizational constraints. This paper is from the same study as "Hyperconnected Networks".

"Hyperconnected Net Work" (Anabel Quan-Haase and Barry Wellman).We use a case study of a medium-size, high-tech firm to see how computer mediated communication (CMC) affects communication, community, and trust in organizations. We use social network analysis to make visible the actual lines of communication within departments, between departments, and outside of the organization. We focus especially on three phenomena: 1. Hyperconnectivity: The availability of people for communication anywhere and anytime. 2. Local Virtuality: The pervasive use of CMC for interaction with physical proximate people, even if located at the next desk at work or next door at home. 3. Glocalization: Constraint-free communication combining global and local connectivity. We discover a quasi-law of the conservation of media (reply unto others as they have messaged to you). Although our case study is not a networked organization, computer-mediated networks permeate its hierarchical bureaucracy. We show how CMC affords trust and interdependence in a work community.] This paper is from the same study as "From the Computerization Movement to Computerization".

"Local Virtuality in a High-Tech Networked Organization" By Anabel Quan-Haase and Barry Wellman.We examine how employees at a high-tech company communicate with members of their work groups, and others inside and outside of their organization. To what extent does boundary spanning communication take place? The findings suggest that organizations have only partially moved toward a pure form of the networked organization. We propose "glocalization" as an alternative perspective for understanding these new forms of work: local involvement with global reach. The high local reliance on computer-mediated communication creates "local virtualities".
[Analyse und Kritik, Summer, 2004.]

"Social Impacts of Electronic Mail in Organizations: A Review of the Research Literature" (with Laura Garton).Reviews the state of knowledge at the time. A slightly revised version appears in Communications Yearbook, 1995.

Major address given by Barry Wellman to the Clinton School of Public Service, Little Rock, Ark, April 14 2009. It provides 12 points about the intersection of social networks, the internet and mobile connectivity in changing lives.

"Imagining Twitter as an Imagined Community" (With Anatoliy Gruzd and Yuri Takhteyev). The notion of “community” has often been caught between concrete social relationships and imagined sets of people perceived to be similar. The rise of the Internet has refocused our attention on this ongoing tension. The Internet has enabled people who know each other to use social media, from e-mail to Facebook, to interact without meeting physically. Into this mix came Twitter, an asymmetric microblogging service: If you follow me, I do not have to follow you. This means that connections on Twitter depend less on in-person contact, as many users have more followers than they know. Yet there is a possibility that Twitter can form the basis of interlinked personal communities—and even of a sense of community. This analysis of one person’s Twitter network shows that it is the basis for a real community, even though Twitter was not designed to support the development of online communities. Studying Twitter is useful for understanding how people use new communication technologies to form new social connections and maintain existing ones.

"Geography of Twitter Networks" (With Yuri Takhteyev and Anatoliy Gruzd). The paper examines the influence of geographic distance, national boundaries, language and frequency of air travel on the formation of social ties on Twitter, a popular micro-blogging website. Based on a large sample of publicly available Twitter data, our study shows that a substantial share of ties lies within the same metropolitan region, and that for ties between regional clusters, distance, national borders and language differences all predict Twitter ties. We find that the frequency of airline flights between the two parties is the best predictor of Twitter ties. This highlights the importance of looking at pre-existing ties between places and people.

"The Mobile-izing Japanese: Connecting to the Internet by PC and Webphone in Yamanishi" (with Kakuko Miyata, Jeffrey Boase, and Ken’ichi Ikeda). Japanese internet use is from both webphones and PCs. This first paper from the Winter 2002 Yamanishi study compares the social networks and internet use of those who use webphones only, PCs only, or both. We find the more, the more: Those who use both internet media have larger networks and are more involved with the internet. Webphones and PCs are complementary, with webphones being used for quick information seeking and short messages with intimates, and PCs being used for more in-depth searches and longer messages with both intimates and weaker ties.

"The Social Effects of Keitei and Personal Computer E-mail in Japan" (with Kakuko Miyata and Jeffrey Boase). Reviews and analyzes research into Japanese use of mobile communication devices: phones, webphones, smartphones,keitai.

"The Wired and Wireless- Japanese: Webphones, PCs and Social Networks." (with Kakuko Miyata and Jeffrey Boase).

"Egypt: The First Internet Revolt?" (Xiaolin Zhuo, Barry Wellman and Justine Yu). We discuss the many ways in which information and communication technologies facilitated the January 2011 Egyptian revolt. We argue that mobile phones, Facebook, et al provided a means of modernity, reduced alienation, and helped both internal and external connectivity. In addition to the role of ICTs, We discuss the roles of informal networks, formal groups, and elite acquiescence.

"Experiences in the Use of a Media Space" (With Marilyn Mantei, Ronald Baecker, William Buxton, Thomas Milligan, Abigail Sellen).About the design and use of the Cavecat and Telepresence desktop videoconferencing systems.

"How Canadians' Use of the Internet Affects Social Life and Civic Participation" (With Ben Veenhoff, Carsten Quell and Bernie Hogan.) This article uses survey results amassed by Statistics Canada and the Connected Lives project in Toronto to explore the role of the Internet in social engagement and the opportunities it represents for Canadians to be active citizens. It finds that Internet users are at least as socially engaged as non-users. They have large networks and frequent interactions with friends and family, although they tend to spend somewhat less in-person time and, of course, more time online. An appreciable number of Internet users are civically and politically engaged, using the Internet to find out about opportunities and make contact with others. Rather than being a separate "second life", the Internet is firmly and increasingly interwoven with the fabric of Canadian society.

"Muslim Women On-Line" By Susan Bastani. How Muslim women in North America use the Internet to find community and support.
[Arab World Geographer 3 (1), 2000: 40-59.]

"Social Connectivity in America: Changes in Adult Friendship Network Size from 2002 to 2007" (Hua Wang and Barry Wellman). There is some panic in the United States about a possible decline in social connectivity. We use two American national surveys to analyze how changes in the number of friends are related to changes in Internet use. We find that friendships continue to be abundant among adult Americans between the ages of 25 to 74 and to have grown from 2002 to 2007. This trend is similar among Internet non-users, light users, moderate users, and heavy users – and across communication contexts: offline, virtual only, and migrating from online to offline. Heavy users are particularly active, having the most friends both on- and off-line. Intracohort change consistently outweighs cohort replacement in overall growth in friendship.

"Social Connectivity in America: Appendices " (Hua Wang and Barry Wellman). Additional tables to the Social Connectivity in America paper (see above).

"Sousveillance: Inventing and Using Wearable Computing Devices to Challenge Surveillance" (with Steve Mann and Jason Nolan).

"The Internet, Technology and Connectedness" (Barry Wellman, Amanda and Venessa Garofalo). We use evidence from the 2009 Telus Canadians and Technology survey to show that Canadians believe that information and communication technologies (ICTs) -- the internet and mobile phones -- are supporting and enhancing interpersonal connectivity. ICTs enable extra contact within families, allowing couples both to touch base and coordinate their busy lives. ICT use is not replacing in-person family contact, but supplementing it. ICTs are no longer a novelty, but integral parts of peoples daily lives.